英语语法的考查重点二(2)
考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06
11) I don't think it advisable that Tim ____ to the job since he has no experience.(1997.6)
A.is assigned B.will be assigned C.be assigned D.has been assigned
12) If only the committee ______the regulations and put them into
effect as possible.(1997.1)
A.approve B.will approve C.can approve D.would approve
Explanation and Expansion
A.参考答案:1)B 2) D 3)B 4)D 5)C 6)A
7)B 8)C 9)C 10)A 11)C 12) D
B.评析
与以上两种虚拟语气句式不同,这里虚拟语气中时态的变化比较少,主要依据所处的句型。考生所需要的是了解在哪些情况下用这种句式,测试中考生只需从四个选项中辨认答案即可。该部分所包含的句型有:
① 表示“命令”“建议”或“要求”的动词后面的宾语从句中用should + 原形动词,should可以省略。常用于该句型的动词有direct, order, command, require, ask, request, demand, insist, suggest, recommend等。
这里句型的考题中,一般都会有would, must等干扰项,正确选项以省略should者居多,并且常是not do something, 或be的形,尤其是 not be done的形式。如2)5)和9)。
另外这类考题还常借助于动词本身的句法结构设干扰项。如insist后可接doing something, being done或 on doing something的结构,suggest后也可接动名词。另外,这两个单词也有不用虚拟语气的句式,如insist 表示“坚持认为”,suggest表示“说明”“表明”时,从句中就不用虚拟语气,考生应注意分别。
② 表示“命令”“建议”或“要求”的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中同样是用should + 原形动词,should可以省略。
与上面一条相同,表示这些概念的名词如suggestion, order, proposal等后面的that从句中虚拟语气使用规则相同,如6)7)中都是that同位语从句中使用should + 原形动词,should省略的结构。
③ It is + 表示重要,有必要,吃惊,难以相信的名词或形容词,或表示“命令”“建议”“要求”的过去分词 + that 从句中用should + 原形动词,should可以省略。
这一句型可分解为
It is important/necessary/vital/advisable/essential ……that …(should)
It is strange/surprising/unbelievable … that …(should)
It is a surprise/wonder ……that …(should) …
It is suggested/requested/recommended … that …(should)…
这些句型一律使用should + 原形动词的结构,should可以省略,如4)5)10)题。
注意It is strange/surprising/unbelievable … that …(should)句型中如果表示过去的事情可以用should have done 的形式,如:
It is strange that he should have failed in the election.
④ wish
wish 后面的从句时态可以有以下几种情况
表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时:
How I wish I had a memory as good as yours.
表示与现在正在进行的事情相反可用过去进行时,如3)。
表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时,也可以用could have done 的形式,如:
I wish I ____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A.could have slept B.slept
C.might have slept D.have slept (1995.6)
由于might表示“也许”,与这里的意思不合,只能用A.
表示将来不可能实现的情况用would/might + 原形动词。
How I wish you would be able to come here for another visit.
⑤ If only 表示愿望时与wish用法相同。再如:
If only that photograph weren't missing.
If only the letter had arrived in time.
⑥ would rather
would rather的虚拟语气形式在这几年考查是最多的,有7道题,但would rather从句的时态规则并不复杂。
如果表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时,否则用一般过去时。在如以下各题:
1) The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.
A.had not worked B.not to work
C.does not work D.did not work (2000.6)
2) To be frank, I'd rather you ____ in the case. (1995.1)
A.will not be involved B.not involved
C.not to be involved D.were not involved
3) You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you ____ on
business first. (1998.1)
A.would go B.will go C.went D.have gone
4) Frankly speaking, I'd rather you ___ anything about it for the time being.(1999.1)
A.didn't do B.haven't done C.don't do D.have done
5) I'd rather you ____ make any comment on the issue for the time
being.(1998.6)
A.don't B.wouldn't C.didn't D.shouldn't
答案为: 1) D 2) D 3) C 4) A 5) C)
⑦ It's (about/high) time that …
该句型中一律用一般过去时,再如:
“You are very selfish.It's high time you ____ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.(1999.1)
A.realized B.have realized C.realize D.should realize
Self-practice
下面请试做《语法分册》153-159页的相关题目。
4.状语从句中的虚拟语气
Test yourself
状语从句中的虚拟语气主要指as if/though从句中的虚拟语气,首先请同学们做一下下面三道题:
1) He walked past the pole and soldiers as if they ______.
A.didn't exist B.don't exist C.hadn't existed D.were not existing
2) He operates the new computer as if he _____ special training in it.
A.has received B.had received C.would receive D.received
3) They talked in such an uneasy manner as if something terrible
______soon.
A.had happened B.happened C.would happen D.has happened
Explanation and Expansion
A.参考答案 1)A 2)B 3) C
B.评析
谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气的状语从句一般是由as if/as though引导。该从句中时态的选择原则是:
① 如果从句中谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时进行,用过去进行时;
② 如果从句中谓语动词表示与主句谓语动词同时存在的状态,用一般过去时,如1)。
③ 如果从句中谓语动词表示先于主句谓语动词的动作或状态,用过去完成时,如2)。
④ 如果从句中谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生,用would/might + 原形动词。
