听力简短对话题型归类和应试策略(6)

考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06

 
    (六)肯定与否定题
    听力测试题有很多对话常通过某种否定形式来表示肯定含义,或是利用肯定
形式表示否定意义。其目的是考查学生的快速反应能力和基础知识掌握的程度。
    1 、常见的以否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有:
    cannot wait+不定式或can hardly wait+不定式(急于…,迫切希望…);
cannot与much(或too , enough , sufficiently , over ,构成的合成词)
    连用(无论怎么也不为过);cannot help doing (禁不住做…);cannot
but do(不得不,必然);cannot help but do(不得不);have no choice/
alternative but to do (除做…外别无选择,非做…不可);nothing but
(只有,只不过)
    ;另外,还可以通过各种比较结构来表示肯定含义,最常用的有:nothing
less than (和…一模一样,完全是);more A than B (与其说是B ,不如说
是A 或是A 而不是B );less A than B (与其说是A ,不如说是B 或是B 而不
是A )
    ;not so much A as B(是B 而不是A );A not so…as B(A 比B …),
表达的正好是原结构中形容词或副词的反义。
    2 、常见的以肯定表示否定的意义的有:
    anything but(根本不);used to (过去常常,是对现在的情况的否定,
说明现在已不这样做);too …to…(太…以致不…,这一结构的不定式表示否
定意义);prefer…to…(该短语否定的是介词短语部分,表示“不喜欢或不会
做”等);would rather…than(宁愿…而不,这一结构否定的是than后的动词,
would …rather than 与其用法相同。)
    「例一」
    A ) She is going to give up biology.
    B ) She spends half of her time on biology.
    C ) To her , biology is difficult , but math is not.
    D ) To her , math is even more difficult than biology.
    M : What do you think of biology ?
    W : It ‘s given me a hard time, though it is not as difficult as
math.
    Q : What can we learn about the woman?
    「例二」
    A ) She is eager to know what the present is.
    B ) She is not anxious to know what it is.
    C ) She doesn‘t now what she is asked to wait for.
    D ) She really doesn ‘t care about the present.
    M : What did your parents buy you for your birthday?
    W : I don‘t know. But I can hardly wait to see it.
    Q : What does the woman mean ?

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