2002年北京试题解析——阅读(3)
考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06
13. It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn’t have much time to prepare his speech
C. Lincoln’s speech was full of rich words
D. Lincoln’s speech was very long
答案：B。答案在文章的第二段的开始可以找到。“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech.”“据说林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上准备他的演讲的。那天深夜，在宾馆的房间里，他既孤独又疲倦， 只是简单准备了一下。”所以通过这些句子我们可以判断林肯非常的忙，没有更多的时间准备他的演讲，B是正确答案。A,C,D,均不符合文章的内容。
14. It was a fact that Lincoln’s speech was _________.
A. an immediate success
B. warmly applauded
C. a total failure
D. not well-received at first
答案：D。答案可以在文章的第二段找到。“At the end there was little applause.”最后几乎没有什么掌声。所以他的演讲开始没有被大家接受，D 为正确答案。A, B, C 均不符合文章的内容。
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American school child.
D. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
答案：D。答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。“他的演讲含义深刻、风格简朴；如今美国所有的在校的学生都能背诵他的演讲；文章又谈到：“现在所有的人都认为他的演讲是美国历史上最好的演讲之一。”而不是美国最好的演讲。所以D是错误的。
（四）
Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however ,they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what’s best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom,＂ which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds ,while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.
16. In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat’s drinking water to_________.
A. encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water
B. find out rats preference in flavor
C. test whether rats know which drink is good for them
D. demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless
答案：C。答案在文章第一段：“It has been demonstrated that rats will ,when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles.”
17. The expression "the habit" (para.1, sentence 4) refers to drinking water which_________.
A. has no smell
B. is tasteless
C. has vitamins
D. is flavored
答案：D。因为第一段的最后谈到：“老鼠不停的喝有香味的含有维生素的液体，即使是维生素被换到了清水里面。然而，很快，他就改变了这个习惯，重新开始喝有维生素的水了。”所以句子中的habit 实际上指前面的喝有香味的水。所以D是正确答案。
18. According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_________.
A. adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health
B. adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods
C. adults’ eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
D. adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
答案：C。文章第二段的最后一句：“Babies managed to select well-balanced diet.”文章的第三段：“Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits.”因此成年人和婴儿的饮食习惯的不同点在于：“成年人的饮食习惯和他们的社会和文化习俗有关。”
19. The author implied in the passage that most of us_________.
A. eat a balanced diet
B. choose the food that is of nutrition
C. have the habits influenced by the surroundings
D. like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor
答案：C。根据上下文，我们可以知道， 文章中并没有提到：“大多数人都有合理的饮食；选择有营养的食物以及喜欢吃有香味的食品。”因此A,B,D都是错误的。但是文章的最后一句话说：“What people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.”因此可以断定：“我们的饮食习惯受周围环境的影响。C是正确答案。
20. As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________.
A. both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
B. both prefer flavored food and drink
C. both have the same eating patterns
D. both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors
答案：A。文章第二段的最后一句话说：“Babies managed to select well-balanced diet.”第三段的第一句话说：“in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what’s best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom.”” 因此可以推断：“婴儿和老鼠饮食习惯的相同点在于他们都会选择合理的饮食。”因此只有A 最符合题意。
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