英语三级复习指导:高分语法(3)
考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06
又如: It is very nice of you to help me
不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:
something to read, nothing to do, anything to decla
re,
a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.
由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加
上相
搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)
不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to
be
held in June
独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立
主格)
对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
在TOEFL考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错
反身代词的用法
可以用来做宾语: He hurt himself when he fell.
可以用来做表语: He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)
反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思
I myself do it.
I do it myself.
They made the research themselves.
但是不能够说:Himself does it. 应改为: He does it.
This is himself’s book.. 应改为:This is his own book..
牢记make possible的三种形式:
1. make+名词+possible;
His financial aid makes this trip possible.
2. make+possible+名词(名词短语较长时)
His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of
th
e world famous
university.
3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分)
The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better
ed
ucation.
定语从句可分为限定性和非限定性两种,其主要区别为:
1. 非限定性定语从句中,引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。
2. 非限定性定语从句中,引导词一般不用that,
在修饰人时用who, whom, whose
He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
在修饰物时用 which
部分状语从句可以省略,在填空题中时有出现
如:Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (从句中省略了he was)
If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (从句中省略了
I were)
注意: 当现在完成时的时间状语是for + 一段时间(已经有…时间了), 和since
+ 一个
时间点(自从…以来)的时候, 句中的谓语不能是非延续性动词(暂短性动词), 如不
能说
:
I have borrowed the book for ten days. (错误: borrow这个动作是发生在图书
出纳
台上的一次性动作, 不能延续, 因此不能和for引导的时间状语连用)
应改为: I have kept the book for ten days.
这样的暂短性动词还有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等
倒装
倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种:
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
