英文最基本的五个时态

网络资源 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-11

    英文最常用的时态有五个:一般现在时;现在进行时;一般过去时;一般将来时和现在完成时。

   一、 一般现在时:用动词原型表示,但单数第三人称后要加-s,在词尾加-s时要注意:1. 一般情况:加-s 例:reads,writes,says 2. 以s,x,ch,sh收尾的词加-es 例:teaches,washes,guesses 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例:try—tries,carry—carries.这个时态的疑问句一般以句首加助动词do,does构成。句中动词要用原型动词be提前:do you know it?

  are you students?

  does she have a pen?

  1.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作:we always care for each other and help each other. they cycle to work every day. 2.现在的特征或状态:he loves sports. do you sing?a little. i major in english. 3. 遍真理:light travels faster than sound. two and four makes six. the moon moves round the earth.有些表示状态和感觉的动词常常可用于一般现在时:be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,believe,recognize,guess,suppose,mean,belong,think(以为),feel,envy,doubt,remain,consist,contain,seem,look(看起来),see,fit,suit,owe,own,hear,find,suggest,propose,allow,show(说明),prove,mind(在意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),matter,require,possess,desire等等。

  i feel a sharp pain in my chest. the soup contains too much salt. you see what i mean?

  the coat fits you very well. how do you find the book?

  有些表示动作的动词间或可用于这一时态,表示现刻的动作,由于动作持续时间机短,用于进行时不自然:i send you my best wishes. i salute your courage. now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you.在口语中这个时态用来表示一个按规定、计划或安排发生的情况(这是都有一个表示未来时间的状语):when do the train leave(stop at jinan)?

  the plane take off at 11 am. tomorrow is saturday. is there a firm on tonight?

  但这只限少数动词,如begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,be等。另外,在时间或条件从句中,将来动作或状态多用这一时态表示:tell her about that when she come. turn off the light before you leave. we‘ll start as soon as you are ready.在口语中,这个时态间或可以用来表示一个已经发生的动作(这个动作发生的时间在说话人脑中处于很不重要的地位):they say xiao wu is back.is that true?

  xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad. oh,i forget where he lives. yes,you answer quite well.此外一般现在时还多用于报刊、电影、电视解说等其他几种情况。

  二、 现在进行时现在进行时用助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成,它的肯定、否定、疑问形式如下:i am working. i am not working. am i working?

  现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。

  where are they having the basket-ball match?

  they are putting up the scaffolding. he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city.在不少情况下,表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子,并没有“正在”这样的字,在译为英语时却必须用进行时态:how are you getting on with the work?

  the work is going fairly smoothly. you are making rapid progress. it is blowing hard. who are you waiting for?

  whenever i see her,she is working in the garden.我每次看到她时,她总是在花园里干活。

  在一般现在时所列的表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不能用于进行时态,因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变,能表示一个正在进行的动作,就能够用于进行时态,试比较下面的句子:do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人吗?

  are you seeing someone off?你在给谁送行吗?

  i hear someone singing.我听见有人唱歌。

  they are hearing an english talk?他们在听一个英语报告。

  what do you think of it?你觉得这怎么样?

  what are you thinking about?你在想什么?


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