一、当正面翻译难以表达原义时:
1. At the close of 1933,Keynes addressed a letter to Franklin D.Roosevelt,which,not seeking reticence,he published in the New York Times.…The following year he visited FDR but the letter had been a better means of communication.Each man was puzzled by the face-to-face encounter.
在上述句子中如何理解和翻译not seeking reticence,译成他“不想保持沉默”,固然不错。但从凯恩斯的做法来看,他一面致函总统,一面将信件在美国最有名的大报上发表,其目的是为了获得公众的支持,扩大影响,同时也是为了给总统施加舆论压力,上述译法不能体现这种积极含义。如果按逆向翻译,译成“为了要使公众皆知”,或甚至译成“为了追求轰动效应”,则更能体现原义。第二句如果按表面字义译成“第二年他拜访了罗斯福,但是他那封信成了更好的交流方式”,不仅不能表达原义,而且简直不知所云了。如果进行逆向翻译,把后面的分句译成:
“但是这次会谈的效果反而不如上次那封信”,则既能体现原义,又通顺连贯:1933年底,凯恩斯致函罗斯福总统。为了使公众皆知,他把这封信在“纽约时报”上公开发表了。……第二年他拜访了罗斯福,但这次会晤的效果还不如上次那封信。他们两人都对这种面对面的会晤感到困惑。
2. In economics one should never be right too soon.The shrewd scholar always waits until the parade is passing his door and then steps bravely out in front of the band.
第一句很难按字面翻译,译成“人们不应该正确得太快”,无法理解。根据后面一句的具体说明,这段话可以逆向译为:在经济学方面,人们应该耐心等待时机再宣布自己正确的主张。精明的学者总是待游行队伍经过自己门前时,才勇敢地冲了出来,走到队伍的前列。
二、当正面翻译意义
不明确,容易产生误解时:
3. I was singled out for attack as the Crown Prince of‘keynesism’。 I was greatly pleased and hoped that my friends would be properly resentful.
文章作者说,他被(保守份子)挑了出来,作为凯恩斯的头号弟子加以攻击。他接着说,“我对此感到非常欣慰,并且希望我的朋友们不要过份的愤慨”,把properly逆向理解为not
excessively,译成“不要过份地”,则意义明确。若按字面译成“适当的愤慨”,就难以理解了。
4. The uneventful dignity of his life makes for a biography which it would be odd to be thrilled by and which it would be insensitive not to be stirred by.
这是评论英国著名辞典家James Murray生平的一句话。按字面意义译为“…对他的传记感到吃惊是很奇怪的,而不为之激动则是不敏感的”,意义不很明确,若按逆向翻译,则易于理解。他的一生是平凡的,但却是很庄严的。读他的传记不会令人感到惊奇,但是要是不为之感动,那就是感情麻木了。
