曾有人把美国的商务部翻译成 Department of Business Affairs,而英语中美国商务部的说法应该是Department of Commerce。为什么会出现这样的问题?原因是汉语中美国“商务部”的说法是由英语Department of Commerce 翻译而来,我们在将其翻译回英语时,理所当然应还其本来面目,这样英语母语人士才会明白译者的所指。此种现象被称作“回译”。回译现象不仅出现在汉译英当中,在英译汉中也同样存在。例如,汉语中“国有企业”或“国企”的英译文是state-owned enterprise,这一翻译已被广泛接受,已成为英语中约定俗成的说法。因此,我们在英译汉时,也必须把state-owned enterprise 翻译成“国有企业”或“国企”。道理似乎很容易理解,但在翻译实践中,应该回译而没有回翻译的问题俯拾皆是。例如,有把“比基尼”(bikini)翻译成three-point bathing suit的;也有把“航空港”(airport)翻译为air harbor的;更有甚者,有人把戴乃迭 (Glady Yang) 的英文名字写成Dainaidie,把著名的俄罗斯作曲家柴可夫斯基(Tchaikovsky)的名字变成了Chaikefusiji,实在令人啼笑皆非。
有些词语在汉英两中文字中同时存在,许多汉语中的说法来自英语,因此在翻译时也有个“回译”的问题,比如,当我们要把“世界大学生运动会”翻译成英语时,我们就不能按字面翻译为The World's University Students' Sports Meet,而应该采用英语中原来的说法 Universiad (Beijing hosted the 2001 Summer Universiad successfully.)。来源:考试大
下面是对“T型台”英译的讨论,先请看国内媒体的有关英文报道:
例一:Showing off Manly Beauty on T-stage (Shanghai Star September 6, 2004)
On Nov 28th in 1999, the PARK97 bar located in Fuxing Park set up the T-Stage and covered the red carpet on it. The foreign and domestic models walked on it, combining the tradition and future; art and fashion at ease. 来源:考试大
例二:A model descents in the air along a vertical T-stage in a "Fashion Show in the Air" held on the bank of Taiping Lake in Shanghai, east China, Oct. 23, 2004. (Xinhua photo/Dong Hongjing) 来源:考试大
例三:People's Daily Online - Fashion Week Turns Into Feast for the Eyes:At the biannual China Fashion Week, the models paraded along the T-stage brimming with energy, passion and a wild nature, which made them even more sexy and seductive.
从以上的例子中可以看出,作者想当然地认为“T型台”的英语说法就是 T-stage,而没有意识到这种说法有可能是错误的。我们在翻译这类词语时,应该具有一种意识:既然两种文化中共有同一概念或事物,那么在两种文字中必然会得到体现,而译者的责任就是要找到两种文字中对同一概念或事物的对应说法,在翻译时养成这种查证的习惯非常重要,它可以使我们避免许多不该出现的错误。人们大都知道 catwalk 是“走猫步”的意思,并不知道该词也有“T型台”的意思,请看 WordNet Dictionary 对 catwalk 的定义:
catwalk:the long, narrow stage that models walk along in a fashion show.
再看另外两个定义:
catwalk: narrow platform; "Models displayed clothes on a catwalk at the fashion show".
catwalk: a narrow platform extending from the stage into the audience in a theater or nightclub etc. 来源:考试大
实际上,catwalk 还有一个意思是指建筑上悬在高空的狭窄过道(a narrow path, raised above the ground, often built for workers to walk on outside a building that is being built or repaired),这大概就是为什么用 catwalk 来表示时装表演的舞台的缘故吧。
时装模特表演的舞台有时也未必都是T型,还包括L型或直线型,除了catwalk的说法之外,runaway ( 机场跑道) 和ramp (高速公路的引接式坡道)也可以指时装模特表演的舞台。请看 WordNet Dictionary 对 runway 的定义: 来源:考试大
runway: this is the place where you walk when you're giving a live fashion presentation. It is also referred to as a catwalk or ramp and is always elevated above the crowd. A runway can be shaped like a "T", an "L" or a straight line.
