the history of chocolate (巧克力的历史) 
　　巧克力作为世界上最风靡的食品之一，它被赋予了种种意义。现在大家接触巧克力最多的场合当属“情人节”前男女双方为对方购买包装精美的巧克力作为礼物。可是当你美滋滋地在品尝情人送的巧克力时，你可想到过它的发明者和由来？我相信，如果大家下次再送巧克力作为情人礼物时，引经据典地讲讲巧克力的来历，肯定会让你的恋人倾倒不已！
　　american-made chocolate and cocoa(可可) products number in the hundreds. there is a fascinating(迷人的)story behind these wonderful products.
　　chocolate through the years
　　the story of chocolate, as far back as we know it, begins with the discovery of america. until 1492, the old world(指欧洲大陆，相对于美洲大陆)knew nothing at all about the delicious and stimulating flavor富有刺激性的口味) that was to become the favorite of millions.
　　the court of king ferdinand and queen isabella got its first look at the principal ingredient(调料、原料)of chocolate when columbus returned in triumph from america and laid before the spanish throne(王位)a treasure trove of many strange and wonderful things. among these were a few dark brown beans(豆)that looked like almonds(杏仁)and seemed most unpromising(无指望的). they were cocoa beans, today’s source of all our chocolate and cocoa.
　　the king and queen never dreamed how important cocoa beans could be, and it remained for hernando cortez(科尔特斯), the great spanish explorer, to grasp(把握住)the commercial possibilities of the new world offerings.
　　food of the gods
　　during his conquest of mexico, cortez found the aztec indians(阿兹特克印第安人)using cocoa beans in the preparation of the royal drink of the realm, "chocolate," meaning warm liquid. in 1519, emperor montezuma, who reportedly drank 50 or more portions daily, served(提供，招待) chocolate to his spanish guests in great golden goblets(高脚杯), treating it like a food for the gods.
　　for all its regal(王室的) importance, however, montezuma’s chocolate was very bitter(苦), and the spaniards did not find it to their taste. to make the concoction(调制品) more agreeable to europeans, cortez and his countrymen conceived the idea of sweetening it with cane sugar.
　　the new drink quickly won friends, especially among the spanish aristocracy(贵族). spain wisely proceeded to plant cacao in its overseas colonies, which gave birth to a very profitable(利润高的) business. remarkably enough, the spanish succeeded in keeping the art of the cocoa industry a secret from the rest of europe for nearly a hundred years.