然而,此时,我已经感到惊恐(“Panic seized me.”),很可能我的钱已付不起这顿午餐了。一会儿莴苣端上来了“They were enormous, juicy, and appetizing. ”真是诱人啊!可怜的作者,此时只吃了一点羊肉块,喝了一杯水!但是,女人又点了咖啡,这时,我已是死猪不怕开水烫了“I was past caring now.”。接着又是桃子:“They had the blush of an innocent girl; they had the tone of an Italian landscape.”(这些桃子红红的,就像天真的少女红红的脸蛋,色彩艳丽如同意大利风景画。)女人继续着她的谈话,漫不经心的塞了一个桃子到嘴里。可怜的穷作家在一旁只有流口水的份了。
结账的时候到了,我掏出了所有的纸币和硬币,发现刚刚够付款,给侍者的小费就只有一点点了,女人心里又有想法了“Her eyes rested for an instant on the three francs I left for the waiter, and I knew that she thought she thought me mean(吝啬的).”临别的时候,她让我向她学习,多吃清淡的食物,接着跳上出租车,走了。多年以后,再见的时候,虽然我不是一个幸灾乐祸的人,但是我发现,如今,她至少已体重294磅!
短篇小说可以说是浓缩的精华,这篇小说描写了一个窘迫的青年作家受到一个所谓的忠实女读者的奉承,在她的要求下,不得不请她去福伊约餐馆用餐,这远远超过了他的经济承受能力。吃饭时那位女士一边一遍又一遍地说她从来只吃一道菜,却一边装作很随便的样子点了一道又道最昂贵最稀缺的菜。可怜的青年作家从硬充好汉热情好客到惴惴不安以致最后对账单已漠不关心,一顿饭的工夫就深深领教了虚伪外表下的贪婪与狡诈。方寸之间见世界,作者功底深厚,同时一些修辞手法的运用也功不可莫。
说到这篇小说的写作风格,以下四点不得不提:
1.使用修辞反问句(rhetorical question)“Did I remember?” 它的作用在上文已提到,在此不再赘述。
2.对照法的使用(contrast)
如文中描写女客人大啖美食,高谈阔论,男主人满腹苦水的一段“She ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I wondered how much the bill would come to.”
3.使用排比句(parallelism)
文中排比句很多,主要用来描写这个女人的大吃大喝,贪得无厌,还有对那些美食的描述也用了排比句。如:___…she ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. ___…she talked gaily of art and literature and music. ___…he assured that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a marvel. ___…they were enormous, juicy, and appetizing.
4.运用含蓄陈述(understatement)
含蓄陈述是一种讽刺或幽默的表达方式,也就是有意把一件事说得没有事实上那么严重的一种修辞法。如小说开头那个女人向我打招呼说“We’re none of us getting any younger.”其实是说我们都已不年青了,但西方人忌讳old(老),就用“not any younger”作委婉陈述。再如女客人一再说“I never eat anything for luncheon”; “I never eat more than one thing”; “I never mind caviare”; “I never drink anything for luncheon except white wine”…都是用否定句式含蓄陈述的手法烘托这个贪婪的女人假意推辞实则狮子大开口的可笑嘴脸。
另外小说中还运用了personification(拟人)(如: The peaches had the blush of an innocent girl.);hyperbole(夸张)(如: she gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.)等多种写作风格与手法,加上文中简单生动的对话,(如:___Are you still hungry?” I asked faintly. ___ “Oh, no, I’m not hungry;… ___Oh, I see!)从作家怯生生的问“你还饿吗?”到一句加了感叹号的“Oh, I see!”(噢, 我明白了!)生动表达出了作家生怕女客人再提出过分要求的心情,及得知她总算没再继续下去时作家的如释重负。
所有这一切综合起来使这篇文章成为短篇小说里的名篇。既幽默又含蓄,既具讽刺意味又在让读者在开心一笑的同时回味无穷。这个女人的虚伪贪婪,侍者的唯利是图,“我”的囊中羞涩却又抹不开面子,对三个人物的刻画真可谓入木三分。
