These learned persons wrote works in the eighteen original dialects from which， say the Hindus， all the languages of the earth have been derived.[FN#10] Dhanwantari enlightened the world upon the subjects of medicine and of incantations. Kshapanaka treated the primary elements. Amara-Singha compiled a Sanskrit dictionary and a philosophical treatise. Shankubetalabhatta composed comments， and Ghatakarpara a poetical work of no great merit. The books of Mihira are not mentioned. Varaha produced two works on astrology and one on arithmetic. And Bararuchi introduced certain improvements in grammar， commented upon the incantations， and wrote a poem in praise of King Madhava.
[FN#10] Mr. Ward of Serampore is unable to quote the names of more than nine out of the eighteen， namely： Sanskrit， Prakrit， Naga， Paisacha， Gandharba， Rakshasa， Ardhamagadi， Apa， and Guhyaka - most of them being the languages of different orders of fabulous beings. He tells us， however， that an account of these dialects may be found in the work called Pingala.
But the most celebrated of all the patronized ones was Kalidasa. His two dramas， Sakuntala，[FN#11] and Vikram and Urvasi，[FN#12] have descended to our day； besides which he produced a poem on the seasons， a work on astronomy， a poetical history of the gods， and many other books.[FN#13]
[FN#11] Translated by Sir Wm. Jones， 1789； and by Professor Williams， 1856.
[FN#12] Translated by Professor H. H. Wilson.
[FN#13] The time was propitious to savans. Whilst Vikramaditya lived， Magha， another king， caused to be written a poem called after his name For each verse he is said to have paid to learned men a gold piece， which amounted to a total of 5，280l. - a large sum in those days， which preceded those of Paradise Lost. About the same period Karnata， a third king， was famed for patronizing the learned men who rose to honour at Vikram's court. Dhavaka， a poet of nearly the same period， received from King Shriharsha the magnificent present of 10，000l. for a poem called the Ratna-Mala.
Vikramaditya established the Sambat era， dating from A.C. 56. After a long， happy， and glorious reign， he lost his life in a war with Shalivahana， King of Pratisthana. That monarch also left behind him an era called the " Shaka，" beginning with A.D. 78. It is employed， even now， by the Hindus in recording their births， marriages， and similar occasions.
King Vikramaditya was succeeded by his infant son Vikrama-Sena， and father and son reigned over a period of 93 years. At last the latter was supplanted by a devotee named Samudra-pala， who entered into his body by miraculous means. The usurper reigned 24 years and 2 months， and the throne of Delhi continued in the hands of his sixteen successors， who reigned 641 years and 3 months. Vikrama-pala，， the last， was slain in battle by Tilaka-chandra， King of Vaharannah[FN#14].
[FN#14] Lieut. Wilford supports the theory that there were eight Vikramadityas， the last of whom established the era. For further particulars， the curious reader will consult Lassen's Anthologia， and Professor H. H. Wilson's Essay on Vikram （New）， As. Red…… ix. 117.
It is not pretended that the words of these Hindu tales are preserved to the letter. The question about the metamorphosis of cats into tigers， for instance， proceeded from a Gem of Learning in a university much nearer home than Gaur. Similarly the learned and still living Mgr. Gaume （Traite du Saint-Esprit， p…… 81） joins Camerarius in the belief that serpents bite women rather than men. And he quotes （p…… 192） Cornelius a Lapide， who informs us that the leopard is the produce of a lioness with a hyena or a bard……
The merit of the old stories lies in their suggestiveness and in their general applicability. I have ventured to remedy the conciseness of their language， and to clothe the skeleton with flesh and blood.
To My Uncle，
ROBERT BAGSHAW， OF DOVERCOURT，
These Tales，That Will Remind Him Of A Land Which He Knows So Well，Are Affectionately Inscribed.
VIKRAM AND THE VAMPIRE.
INTRODUCTION
