Treadwell never carried a gun, and maintained that even if firearms had been legal in the park, he still wouldn't have carried one. Early on he swore off nonlethal means of protection, like the newly developed （and highly effective） portable electric fences, and even pepper spray. The spray he did use once, when he felt he had no other choice, hosing a bear he'd named Cupcake； he was so distressed by the bear's apparent agony that he vowed he'd never use repellent again. Fear, he decided, wasn't the message he wanted to send. Good intentions were the only shield he needed.

　　From “THE GRIZZLY MAZE,” Copyright ？ 2005 By Nick Jans, Published in paperback by Plume, a member of Penguin Group （USA） INC., 375 Hudson, New York, NY 10014