19. 状语从句
19.1 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
where i live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
wherever i am i will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
19.1 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
where i live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
wherever i am i will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
19.2 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
as water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
they completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
he looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
it looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
he stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
he cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
the waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
19.3 原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
i didn't go, because i was afraid.
since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
he is absent today, because / for he is ill.
he must be ill, for he is absent today.
19.4 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
you must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
he wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
19.5 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
the boy is so young that he can't go to school.
he is such a young boy that he can't go to school
