11. Global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出发; vicious adj.恶的, 堕落的;researchers said注意翻译顺序)
12. These waters around Antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(Waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意过去分词短语的翻译)
13. Since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助于)
14. If global warming continues with increased precipitation in the Southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.仓促; stratification n.层化, 成层,; diatom n.硅藻属)
15. The study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the Antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.远征, 探险队; algae n.藻类, 海藻)

句子翻译：

11.研究人员表示，全球性的气候变暖可能破坏世界上大部分海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而引起恶性循环，使地球的气候更加炎热。
12.南极洲周围的这片水域占地球海洋面积的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起着非常重要的作用。而二氧化碳被认为是引起温室效应的气体，是导致全球气温升高的主要原因之一。
13.科学家认为：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球气候变暖，那么二氧化碳的不断积累会环境状况进一步恶化。
14.如果全球气候继续变暖，南大洋州的沉淀反应继续增加，海水的层次就将更多。这样有利于硅藻的生长。
15.这项为期一个月的科学考察活动是在南极洲的夏季进行的，也是首批发现某些种类的海藻比其它海藻具有更强的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。