which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it， is

　　finding uses in medicine， archaeology， and criminology.

　　（A） Originally developed for detecting air pollutants， a technique called proton-induced x-ray

　　emission， which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without

　　destroying it，

　　（B） Originally developed for detecting air pollutants， having the ability to analyze the chemical

　　elements in almost any substance without destroying it， a technique called proton induced x-ray emission

　　（C） A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants， called proton-induced x-ray

　　emission， which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it，

　　（D） A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants， called proton-induced x-ray

　　emission， which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance

　　quickly and without destroying it，

　　（E） A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to

　　analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the

　　substance， called proton-induced x-ray emission，

　　2. None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the

　　alleged causes do not commit crimes and， conversely， why so many of those not so exposed have.

　　（A） have

　　（B） has

　　（C） shall

　　（D） do

　　（E） could

　　3. Computers are becoming faster， more powerful， and more reliable， and so too are modems， they are

　　the devices to allow two or more computers to share information over regular telephone lines.

　　（A） so too are modems， they are the devices to allow

　　（B） so too are modems， the devices that allow

　　（C） so too modems， the devices allowing

　　（D） also modems， they are the devices that allow

　　（E） also modems， which are the devices to allow

　　4. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that

　　municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

　　（A） reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump

　　（B） reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping

　　（C） reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump

　　（D） reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump

　　（E） reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities