（A） The sense of pride and accomplishment that Black soldier increasingly felt as a result of their Civil War experiences

　　（B） The civil equality that African Americans achieved after the Civil War， partly as a result of their use of organization skills honed by combat

　　（C） The changes in discriminatory army policies that were made as a direct result of the performance of Black combat units during the Civil War

　　（D） The improved interracial relations that were formed by the races' facing of common fight during the Civil War

　　（E） The standards of racial egalitarianism that came to be adopted as a result of White Civil War veterans' repudiation of their previous racism

　　4. The passage mentions which of the following as an important theme that receive special emphasis in Glatthaar's book？

　　（A） The attitudes of abolitionist officers in Black units

　　（B） The struggle of Black units to get combat assignments

　　（C） The consequences of the poor medical care received by Black soldiers

　　（D） The motives of officers serving in Black units

　　（E） The discrimination that Black soldiers faced when trying for promotion

　　5. The passage suggests that which of the following was true of Black units' disease mortality rates in the Civil War？

　　（A） They were almost as high as the combat mortality rates of White units

　　（B） They resulted in part from the relative inexperience of these units when in combat

　　（C） They were especially high because of the nature of these units' usual duty assignments

　　（D） They resulted in extremely high overall casualty rates in Black combat units

　　（E） They exacerbated the morale problems that were caused by the army's discriminatory policies

　　6. The author of the passage quotes the White officer in lines 23-24 primarily in order to provide evidence to support the contention that

　　（A） virtually all White officers initially had hostile attitudes toward Black soldiers

　　（B） Black soldiers were often forced to defend themselves from physical attacks initiated by soldiers from White units

　　（C） The combat performance of Black units changed the attitudes of White soldiers toward Black soldiers

　　（D） White units paid especially careful attention to the performance of Black units in battle

　　（E） Respect in the army as a whole was accorded to those units， whether Black or White， that performed well in battle

　　7. Which of the following best describes the kind of error attributed to Glatthaar in lines 25-28？

　　（A） Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two groups of individuals in order to render an argument concerning them internally consistent

　　（B） Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretation of a situation with evidence that is not particularly relevant to the situation

　　（C） Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certain individuals in order to provide grounds for a negative evaluation of their actions

　　（D） Describing the conditions prevailing before a given event in such a way that the contrast with those prevailing after the event appear more striking than it actually is

　　（E） Asserting that a given event is caused by another event merely because the other event occurred before the given event occurred