7. “Fast cycle time” is a strategy of designing a manufacturing organization to eliminate bottlenecks and delays in production. Not only does it speed up production， but it also assures quality. The reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time.
The claim about quality made above rests on a questionable presupposition that
（A）any flaw in work on a product would cause a bottleneck or delay and so would be prevented from occurring on a “fast cycle” production line
（B） the strategy of “fast cycle time” would require fundamental rethinking of product design
（C） the primary goal of the organization is to produce a product of unexcelled quality， rather than to generate profits for stockholders
（D） “fast cycle time” could be achieved by shaving time off each of the component processes in production cycle
（E） “fast cycle time” is a concept in business strategy that has not yet been put into practice in a factory
8.Blood banks will shortly start to screen all donors for NANB hepatitis.Although the new screening tests are estimated to disqualify up to 5 percent of all prospective blood donors， they will still miss two-thirds of donors carrying NANB hepatitis. Therefore， about 10 percent of actual donors will still supply NANB-contaminated blood.
The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions？
（A）Donors carrying NANB hepatitis do not，in a large percentage of cases， carry other infections for which reliable screening tests are routinely performed.
（B） Donors carrying NANB hepatitis do not，in a large percentage of cases， develop the disease themselves at any point.
（C） The estimate of the number of donors who would be disqualified by tests for NANB hepatitis is an underestimate.
（D） The incidence of NANB hepatitis is lower among the potential blood donors than it is in the population at large.
（E） The donors who will still supply NANB-contaminated blood will donate blood at the average frequency for all donors.
