14.Roland： The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

　　Sharon： But a normal， moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent， with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximat-ely 50 workers， 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

　　Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion？

　　（A） The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high （B） The current level of unemployment is not moderate.

　　（C） If at least 5% of workers are unemployed， the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites

　　（D） It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.

　　（E） If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent， the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.

　　15.Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that

　　（A） normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded

　　（B） unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population

　　（C） the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population

　　（D） Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents

　　（E） knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

　　16.Working shorter workweeks causes managers to feel less stress than does working longer workweeks. In addition， greater perceived control over one's work life reduces stress levels. It can be concluded， therefore， that shorter workweeks cause managers to feel they have more control over their work life.

　　The argument made above uses which of the following questionable techniques？

　　（A） Associating two conditions as cause and effect on the basis of their being causally associated with the same phenomenon （B） Taking for granted that two factors that have a certain effect individually produce that effect more strongly when both act together.

　　（C） Assuming what it sets out to prove

　　（D） Using an irrelevant point in order to draw a conclusion

　　（E） Basing a conclusion on preconceived views about the needs of managers

　　17.Many plant varieties used in industrially developed nations to improve cultivated crops come from lessdeveloped nations. No compensation is paid on the grounds that the plants used are “the common heritage of humanity.” Such reasoning is， however， flawed. After all， no one suggests that coal， oil， and ores should be extracted without payment.

　　Which of the following best describes an aspect of the method used by the author in the argument above？

　　（A） The author proceeds from a number of specific observations to a tentative generalization.

　　（B） The author applies to the case under discussion facts about phenomena assumed to be similar in some relevant respect.

　　（C） A position is strengthened by showing that the opposite of that position would have logically absurd consequences.

　　（D） A line of reasoning is called into question on the grounds that it confuses cause and effect in a causal relation.

　　（E） An argument is analyzed by separating statements of fact from individual value judgments.

　　key： ACBCB ABEBA AEEAB AB