9. A shy, religious-minded publisher who had married a duke's daughter, Harold Macmillan's rise to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many, though Churchill had since the 1930s been extolling Macmillan's courage.

　　(A) Harold Macmillan's rise to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many

　　(B) Harold Macmillan's rise in 1957 to the position of Prime Minister surprised many

　　(C) Harold Macmillan's becoming Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many

　　(D) Harold Macmillan surprised many by rising to the position of Prime Minister in 1957

　　(E) the position of Prime Minister attained by Harold Macmillan in 1957 surprised many

　　10. As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s, so that they could learn to fall without being hurt.

　　(A) As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s

　　(B) As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live during the 1950s with their disabilities were helped to practice falling

　　(C) Young polio victims learning to live during the 1950s with their disabilities were helped to practice falling as part of their therapy

　　(D) Young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s as part of their therapy

　　(E) During the 1950s, as part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling

　　11. According to the professor's philosophy, the antidote to envy is one's own work, always one's own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it.

　　(A) one's own work, always one's own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it

　　(B) always work; because you don't think about it or assess it, you just do it

　　(C) always one's own work: not thinking about or assessing it, but simply to do it

　　(D) not to think or assess, but doing one's own work

　　(E) neither to think about one's own work nor to assess it, it is always simply doing it

　　12. After this year's record-shattering January performance in Madison Square Garden, the ensemble were touted as the country's best new group in decades; no critic or reviewer had anything but praise for the young musicians.

　　(A) the ensemble were touted as the country's

　　(B) the ensemble was touted as the country's

　　(C) the country touted the ensemble like the

　　(D) touting the ensemble as the country's

　　(E) they were touting the ensemble as the country's

　　13. Ms. Wright tries to get inside Iran to understand how it works, the role it has played in the Middle East and its intricate relationship with the United States, which is complex and depends heavily on understanding of the Farsi language.

　　(A) which is complex and depends

　　(B) because it is complex and depends

　　(C) but they are complex and depend

　　(D) which are complex and depend

　　(E) a task that is complex and depends

　　14. Published during the late eighteenth century, Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide were the cause of such a sensational scandal, and both men prudently chose to embark on extended vacations in nearby Austria.

　　(A) Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide were the cause of such a sensational scandal, and

　　(B) Diderot and his friend Voltaire's caused such a sensational scandal with their factual Encyclopedia and fictional Candide, respectively, that

　　(C) Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide were the cause of a scandal so sensational that

　　(D) the scandal caused by Diderot's factual Encyclopedia and his friend Voltaire's fictional Candide was so sensational

　　(E) a factual Encyclopedia by Diderot and the fictional Candide, by his friend Voltaire, caused a sensational scandal, which

　15. Astronomers studying the newly discovered star say that it provides clues about our galaxy's origin, that it may supply data about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and moreover it is perhaps the most distant star in the entire Milky Way.

　　(A) about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and moreover it is perhaps

　　(B) regarding the speed our galaxy expands at; moreover, they think it may be

　　(C) about how fast our galaxy expands and perhaps be

　　(D) on the galaxy's expansion rate and perhaps

　　(E) about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and that it is perhaps

　　16. The decisions of John Marshall, the fourth chief justice, have had a greater influence than any chief justice in history.

　　(A) than any chief justice in history

　　(B) historically than any other chief justice

　　(C) than have those of any chief justice in history

　　(D) in history as any other chief justice has had

　　(E) than those of any other chief justice in history