56. Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.
A.      huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport
B.      without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya
C.      the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel
D.      there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya
E.      were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters
 
1.       同位语结构：(一级排除A,B,D）
逻辑对象要对应； 是GMAT 的优选结构。主语和谓语之间, 除非是插入语, 不能加逗号.
 
2.       平行结构：(二级排除E）
系表结构的对应Architects and stonemasons, were the Maya ; 泛指 对 特指 不对
E is awkwardly phrased and produces a sentence fragment, because the appositive noun phrase Architects and stonemasons cannot serve as the subject of were the Maya. è主语和谓语之间, 除非是插入语, 不能加逗号.
主语, 插入语, 谓语.
主语, 介词短语, 分词短语, 定语从句, 谓语.
同位语, 主语谓语.
 
E即使没有语法错误，也不能选，因为它 awkward; 这就是gmat的精髓。（简洁，清晰）然而, 造成E awkward的原因是:,without the benefit of …. 是修饰动词的, 放在主谓之间, 不好, 要放在谓语的后面, 或者句首. 谓语动词象一座山
某人是作…..的某人=è这样的描述没有直接说:  某人作某事 来得流畅清楚.
 
3.       被动语态要避免。

4.       简洁