43.      
　　In this argument the author concludes that university hospitals provide no better care than private or community hospitals. The author bases this conclusion on the   following claims about university hospitals: the ones in this region employ 15 percent  fewer doctors; they have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients; they pay  their staffs less money; they make less profit than community hospitals; and they utilize  doctors who divide their time betweenteaching, research and treating patients. This  rgument is unconvincing for several reasons.来源：考试大

      The most egregious reasoning error in the argument is the author’s use of  evidence pertaining to university hospitals in this region as the basis for a generalization  about all university hospitals. The underlying assumption operative in this inference is  that university hospitals in this region are representative of all university hospitals. No  evidence is offered to support this gratuitous assumption. 来源：考试大

      Secondly, the only relevant reason offered in support of the claim that the quality  of care is lower in university hospitals than it is at other hospitals is the fact that  university hospitals have a lower success rate in treating patients. But this reason is not  sufficient to reach the conclusion in question unless it can be shown that the patients  treated in both types of hospitals suffered from similar types of maladies. For example,  if university hospitals routinely treat patients suffering from rare diseases whereas other  hospitals treat only those who suffer from known diseases and illnesses, the difference  in success rates would not be indicative of the quality of care received.

      Finally, the author assumes that the number of doctors a hospital employs, its  success rate in treating patients, the amount it pays its staff, and the profits it earns are  all reliable indicators of the quality of care it delivers. No evidence is offered to support  this assumption nor is it obvious that any of these factors is linked to the quality of care  delivered to patients. Moreover, the fact that doctors in university hospitals divide their  time among many tasks fails to demonstrate that they do a poorer job of treating patients  than doctors at other kinds of hospitals. In fact, it is highly likely that they do a better  job because they are more knowledgeable than other doctors due to their teaching and  research. 来源：考试大

      In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument  the author would have to demonstrate that university hospitals in this region are  representative of all university hospitals, as well as establishing a causal link between  the various factors cited and the quality of care delivered to patients.