( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.
( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.
( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.
( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”
( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.
( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.
( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)
31. parole:
32. broad transcription:
33. allophones:
34. phrase structure rules:
35. context
36. Historical Linguistics:
37. standard language:
38. linguistic taboo:
39. acculturation:
40. care-taker speech:
V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)
41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.
42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.
英语语言学试卷答案
(一)
第一部分 选择题
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%)
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5.B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
第二部分 非选择题
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X10=10%)
11. Psycholinguistics
12. diachronic
13. duality
14. oral
15. lateralization
16. Suprasegmental
17. recursive
18. Homonymy
19. protolanguage
20. community
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)
( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.
( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.
( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.
( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.
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( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.
( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”
( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.
( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.
( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)
31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.
32. Broad transcription is the transcription with letter symbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.
33. Allophones are the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments.
34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allow for the possible combination of words to form phrases and sentences.
35. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( or historical development of language).
37. Standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.
38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.
39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.
40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.
V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)
41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.
1) Mother tongue interference
2) interlingual interference
3) Overgeneralization
42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.
