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Arbitrariness is a core feature of language, which means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. Duality, which means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. Creativity means language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. Because of duality the speaker is able to combine the basic linguistic unites to form an infinite set of sentences, most of which are never heard before. Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters, in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. So all these features make language unique to human beings.
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》(第5版)笔记和考研真题详解
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第1章 语言学导论
1.1 复习笔记
1.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第2章 语 音
2.1 复习笔记
2.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第3章 词和形态学
3.1 复习笔记
3.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第4章 句法:从语词到篇章
4.1 复习笔记
4.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第5章 意 义
5.1 复习笔记
5.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第6章 语言与认知
6.1 复习笔记
6.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第7章 语言 文化 社会
7.1 复习笔记
7.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第8章 语言的使用
8.1 复习笔记
8.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第9章 语言与文学
9.1 复习笔记
9.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第10章 语言和计算机
10.1 复习笔记
10.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第11章 第二语言和外语教学
11.1 复习笔记
11.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第12章 现代语言学理论与流派
12.1 复习笔记
12.2 考研真题与典型题详解
