b.    Sidney: Arcadia.
c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator.
(plot and characterization and realism)
(3) novel and drama (17the century)
2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.)
(1)  Life:
a.    business career; b.  writing career; c.  interested in politics.
(2) Robinson Cusoe.
a. the story.b. the significance of the character.c. the features of his novels.d. the style of language.
3. Henry Fielding—novelist.亨利•菲尔丁
(1)  Life:
a.  unsuccessful dramatic career; b.  legal career; writing career.
(2) works.
(3) Tom Jones.
a.    the plot; b.  characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia; c.    significance.
(4) the theory of realism.
(5) the style of language.
V.     Writers of Sentimentalism.
1. Introduction
2. Samuel Richardson—novelist, moralist (One who is unduly concerned with the morals of others.)塞缪尔 理查逊
(1)  Life:
a.  printer book seller;b.  letter writer.
(2) Pamela, Virtue Rewarded.
a.  the story b.  the significance
Pamela was a new thing in these ways:
a)  It discarded the “improbable and marvelous” accomplishments of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people.
b)  Its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction. c)  It described not only the sayings and doings of characters but their also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.
3. Oliver Goldsmith—poet and novelist.
A. Life:
a.  born in Ireland; b.  a singer and tale-teller, a life of vagabondage; c.  bookseller; d.  the Literary Club;e.  a miserable life; f.  the most lovable character in English literature.
B. The Vicar of Wakefield.
a.  story; b.  the signicance.
VI.   English Drama of the 18th century
1. The decline of the drama
2. Richard Brinsley Sheriden
A. life.
B. works: Rivals, The School for Scandals.
C. significance of his plays.
        a. The Rivals and The School for Scandal are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy.
        b. In his plays, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes harshly at the social vices of the day.
        c. Sheridan’s greatness also lies igogo to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn knowledge about the theatre. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man.
        d. His plots are well-organized, his characters, either major or minor, are all sharply drawn, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays.
Chapter 6 English Literature of the Romantic Age浪漫主义时期
I.   Introduction
1. Historical Background
2. Literary Overview: Romanticism
 Characteristics of Romanticism:
   (1) The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
 (2) The creation of a world of imagination
 (3) The return to nature for material
  (4) Sympathy with the humble and glorification of the commonplace
        (5) Emphasis upon the expression of individual genius
        (6) The return to Milton and the Elizabethans for literary models
        (7) The interest in old stories and medieval romances
        (8) A sense of melancholy and loneliness
        (9) The rebellious spirit
II.                 Pre-Romantics
1. Robert Burns
(1) Life: French Revolution
(2) Features of poetry
a. Burns is chiefly remembered for his songs written in the Scottish dialect. b. His poems are usually devoid of artificial ornament and have a great charm of simplicity. c. His poems are especially appreciated for their musical effect. d. His political and satirical poems are noted for his passionate love for freedom and fiery sentiments of hatred against tyranny.