英语模拟试题
Section B
Directions: Read of the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 5
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well—oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well—ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-colar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not, problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
56. What idea does the author intend to render by “a well-oiled cog in the machinery?
57. What is real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees?
58. To whom does the real happiness of life belong?
59. What suggestion does the author put forward to solve the present social problem?
60.What is the aims of all social arrangements?
Part III Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Success in life depends to a great extent on 61 we mean by success. To some people money is the only real 62 of achievement in the modern world. Their estimation of success is 63 on the state of their bank balance and the power that goes with it. Their life is devoted to 64 money and they are 65 to understand people whose ideas are different from their own. There are those, 66 , who consider their lives successful if they are doing what they en-gardening 67 consider himself successful if his flowers blossomed and his trees produced fruit. Nursing, teaching, running a Youth Club all bring their own measures of success to those 68 in them. Success can be found in painting a picture 69 will ever see, sailing a boat, watching the stars, collecting stamps—70 anything that involves personal endeavour. The great thing is to believe that success is not necessarily public.
61. A. which B. that C. how D. what
62. A signal B. indication C. sign D. symbol
63. A. depending B. reliable C. dependent D. relying
64. A. make B. earn C. acquire D. acquiring
65. A. at a loss B. at large C. disappointed D. depressed
66. A. nevertheless B. however C. moreover D. on the other hand
67. A. will B. can C. would D. could
68. A. involved B. engaged C. entangled D. absorbed
69. A. none B. somebody C. anybody D. no one
70. A .literally B. literarily C. literately D. liberally
Part IV English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWERSHEET.
When offices are planned the attention paid to the correct use of space, and individual and company needs, is often totally inadequate. 71. Bad planning can frustrate the manager and employee and reduce their level of performance. This is why so much research has been undertaken since the war into effective office planning.
There is a growing realization that investment in people means that their needs should be thoroughly analysed and provided for. It has encouraged a number of office approaches. 72. The best of these approaches take into account not just the physical aspect of a building but the complex individual and group relationships which need to be understood before a plan is implemented.
A man’s personal preference is always for his own separate office. Where this can be achieved it privacy and special advantages for him. However, it is quite uneconomic for most organizations to provide such facilities on anything but a limited scale. 73. Moreover the corporate needs for good communications, smooth exchange of ideas and paper work, and flexibility demand different from of planning . Preoccupation with rental costs has led in the past to open-plan offices which in the worst circumstances are laid out in such a regimented fashion that the atmosphere is totally impersonal.
Nevertheless, costs must be faced realistically. Perhaps the best balance between the needs of most of the employees and the needs of the company are to be found in landscaped offices.
Developed in
Ideally a floor area of not less than 6000sq.ft.is required, generally in the form of a square of rectangle the sides of which have a ratio of less than two to one. Employees are grouped together in clusters, in accordance with a plan that takes into account work flow and desirable relationships across traditional organizational barriers. Such groups are identified and separated by movable screens. 75 An acceptable general noise level is achieved by careful acoustic control to provide aural privacy and mask intrusive noise.
Part V Writing
Directions:
请按题目：Advantages of a Five-Day week (5天工作日的优点)写出120个字的短文，并包括下列内容：
1. 对家庭的好处
2. 对社会的好处
3. 对个人的好处
(完)
