MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(11-1)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Passage eleven
Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the
1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA) began
making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored
management and technical assistance available to minority
business enterprises. While this program enabled many
minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results
were disappointing, since managerial inexperience,
unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high
failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was
implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two
percent of the national economys total receipts.
Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach
intended to accelerate development of the minority business
sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority
enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented
minority firms through intermediary companies. In this
approach, large corporations participate in the development
of successful and stable minority businesses by making use
of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is
used by a participating company to establish a Minority
Enterprise Small Business Investment Company--MESBIC. The
MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority
businesses that have potential to become future suppliers
of customers of the sponsoring company.
MESBIC are the result of the belief that providing
established firms with easier access to relevant management
techniques and more specific experience, as well as
substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater
opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does
simply making general management experience and small
amounts of capital available. Further, since potential
markets for the minority businesses aheady exist through
the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face
considerably less risk in terms of location and market
fluctuation. Following early financial and operating
problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize
MESBIC far above the legal minimum of $ 500,000 in order to
generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of
management needed. MESBIC are now emerging as increasingly
important financing sources for minority enterprises.
Ironically, MESBICs staffs, which usually consist of
Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach
investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do
many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from
sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think
mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and
thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less
attractive than normal investment criteria would walTant.
Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness
among many minority staff members, who feel that minority
entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by
established business considerations. These staff members
believe their point of view is closer to the original
philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned that, unless
a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may
revert to policies likely to recreate the disappointing
results of the original SBA approach.
1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the
passage?
[ A ] The use of MESBIC for aiding minority
entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success
than does the original SBA approach.
[ B ] There is a crucial difference in point of view
between the staff and directors of some MESBIC.
[ C ] After initial problems with management and
marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a
steady rate.
[ D ] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new
businesses now have several equally successful federal
programs on which to rely.
2. According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs
from the SBA approach in that MESBIC
[ A ] seek federal contracts to provide markets for
minority businesses.
[ B ] encourage minority businesses to provide markets
for other minority businesses.
[ C ] attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in
the min6rity business sector.
[ D ] rely on the participation of large corporations
to finance minority businesses.
3. Which of the following statements about the SBA program
can be inferred from the passage?
[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient
businesses was 15 years.
[ B] Business loans were considered to be more useful
to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.
[ C ] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.
[ D ] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.
4. The author refers to the "financial and operating
problems" encountered by MESBIC primarily in erder to
[ A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC through sponsoring
companies.
[ B ] call attention to the fact that MESBIC must
receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.
C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to
invest only $ 500,000 of government sponsored venture
ca~hta~ in t~ae ofi~nal ~Y~%~YC.
[ D] compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
联邦政府(federal)致力于扶助(aid)少数民族企业(minority businesse)的行动始于二十世纪六十年代,当时,小型企业管理局(Small Business Administration)(SBA)开始为少数民族企业提供联邦担保贷款(10an)、政府资助(government-sponsored)的管理以及技术方面的援助(assistance)。虽然这项计划使许多少数民族企业(enterprise)组建(form)了新型企业,但结果却令人失望,因为这些新企业缺乏管理经验、地理位置不佳、资金(capital)短缺(shortage),从而导致失败的比率很高。甚至在这项计划实施(implement)十五年后,少数民族企业的收入还不到全国经济总收入(total receipt)的百分之二。
最近,联邦政府的政策制定者(Policymaker)采用(adopt)了一种方法,打算促进(accelerate)少 数民族企业的发展——不直接向小型少数民族企业提供援助,而是通过中介公司(intermediary company)扶持那些更大型、有发展前途的少数民族企业。通过这种方式,大公司利用政府资助的风险(venture)资金参与(participate)成功、可靠的(stable)少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司利用这笔资金建立(establish)了一个“少数民族企业小型企业投资公司”。然后,MESBIC向有可能成为赞助公司(sponsoring company)客户的未来供应商(supplier)的少数民族企业提供资金和指导(guidance)。
MESBIC的成立基于这样的信念(belief)——向已成立的少数民族公司提供更容易接受的相关(relevant)管理技能(technique)、更多的特殊经验以及足够的(substantial)资金,这将为那些公司提供一个更有利的机会以发展稳固的企业基础(foundation),而不仅仅是让那些公司可以利用一般的管理经验和少量的资金。此外,由于赞助公司的作用,少数民族企业的潜在(potential)市场已经存在,少数民族企业面临的地理位置和市场波动(fluctuation.)风险要小得多。在经历了早期的财政和经营(financial and operating)困难后,赞助公司开始给MEISBIC注入(capitalize)远远超过五十万美元的法定最低(1egal minimum)限额资金,以保证获得足够的收入(income),保持(sustain)必需的管理质量。现在,MESBIC正成为少数民族企业日益重要的资金来源(source)。
具有讽刺意味的是,MEBSIC的员工(通常是西班牙裔和黑人专业人员)往往比许多MEBSIC的管理者更注重于投资少数民族公司,那些管理者通常是赞助公司资深的管理人员。那些管理者主要还是按照“社会的责任(responsibility)方法(approach)”考虑问题,因而似乎更愿意投资那些更具风险性、不太吸引人(attractive)的项目,而不是普通的投资标准(criteria)担保范围之内的项go这样的观点(viewpoint)分歧使得许多少数民族企业员工感到不安(uneasiness),他们认为应该根据已认可的公司业务报酬来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。这些员工相信他们的观点更接近于MESBIC的最初理念(philosophy),他们担心,如果不制定一项更明智的(prudent)计划,MESBIC的管理者们制定的政策可能会重现原先的SBA政策所产生的令人失望的结果。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
(以上内容版权归中国MBA网拥有,未经许可,不得转载。-待续)
