全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语预测试题参考答案及详细解答(1-4)
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PART II Reading Comprehension (50%)
Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
The American economic system is organized around a
basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in
which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by
spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and
services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving
to make profits, produce these foods and services in
competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive,
operating under competitive pressures, largely determines
how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the
American economic system it is the demand of individual
consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to
maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize
their incomes, that together determine what shall be
produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is
the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed
and responded to by producers. In the American economy,
this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in
which process rise and fall in response to relative demands
of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If
the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the
price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated
form the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a
commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to
increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in
turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy
the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the
American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy
is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources
(private property), and they are permitted to hire labor,
gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and
services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the
concept of private property embraces not only the ownership
of productive resources but also certain rights, including
the right to determine the price of a product or to make a
free contract with another private individual.
26. In para. 1, "the desire of individuals to
maximize their incomes" means
A. Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
B. Americans tend to overstate their incomes
C. Americans want to have their incomes increased
D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of
their incomes
27. The first two sentences in the second paragraph
tell us that
A. producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized
production
B. consumers can express their demands through
producers
C. producers decide the prices of products
D. supply and demand regulate process
28. According to the passage, a private-enterprise
economy is characterizes by
A. private property and rights concerned
B. manpower and natural resources control
C. ownership of productive resources
D. free contracts and prices
29. The passage is mainly about
A. how American goods are produces
B. how American consumers buy their goods
C. how American economic system works
D. how American businessmen make their profits
30. What does the word "embrace" in the last paragraph
mean?
A. hold B. contain C. include D. bring
参考答案:
26.D 本题测试在上下文中短语的意义。第一段末尾连续用了两个maximize,对于商人来说 maximizeprofits就是increaseprofits,而对于消费者来说maximizetheirincomes不是increasetheir incomes,而是makethebestuseOftheirincomes,所以与D项符合。
27.D 本题为细节理解题。第二段开头的主要意思是:消费者的要求可以通过生产者来表达和得到反映,这种机制又受价格体系来控制,从而价格的升降与供需关系相关。
28.A 本题为段落思想归纳题。第三段开头说到私有企业经济的重要因素就是生产资料私有制和可以雇佣劳动力,对自然资源的控制,以及生产供销售的商品和服务以赢得利润等的相关权利。
29.C 本题测试全文的主旨。第一段告诉我们美国的经济是私有制企业和市场为导向的经济。第二段说明了价格体系中供与求的相互关系影响着价格。第三段阐明了私有企业经济的特点。综观全文,可以看出文章的主旨就是要说明美国经济的运行方式。
30.C 本题为词汇理解题。embrace后面的两个方面是美国私有经济的特点。所以译成“包
括”最合适。
(待续)
