MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(9-1)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
It is plain common sense----the more happiness you
feel, the less unhappiness you experience, but it is not
true. Recent research reveals that happiness and
unhappiness are not really flip sides of the same emotion.
They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and
fall independently.
The recognition that feelings of happiness and
unhappiness can coexist much like love and hate in a close
relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a
happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or
avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you
less miserable but probably wont make any happier. That
advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies
which indicate that a genetic predisposition for
unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand,
researches have found, happiness doesnt appear to be
anyones heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you
develop largely for yourself.
Family members resemble each other more in their
levels of unhappiness than in their levels of happiness. In
a study conducted at the University of Minnesota, twins
tested for a wide range of personality traits. In terms of
happiness, identical twins who were separated soon after
birth were considerably less alike than twins raised
together. But when it came to unhappiness, the twins raised
apart some without contact for as long as 64 years--were
as similar as those who had grown up together.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment?
When we are happy we are more responsive to people and keep
up connections better than we are feeling sad. This doesnt
mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and
thats that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but
disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can
increase your happiness through your own actions.
Psychologists have begun to find out whos happy, who
isnt and why. To date, the research hasnt found a simple
recipe for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the
actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to
that most desired feelings. Happiness is not the goal of
humanity. However, to begin to think about how we think
about happiness may help us to understand not only what we
have but possibly what we dont have. By exploring
happiness we may be able to see more clearly what we really
want, and we may also be able to ask ourselves if what we
want is worth getting. To begin with, we should try to
understand a little of what happiness consists of in
ourselves and in our relationship with society.
I. From the passage we learn that happiness and unhappiness
[ A ] are two different sides of the same emotion
[ B ] work as positive and negative feeling respectively
[ C ] are not inherently related with each other
[ D ] have something to do with ones heritage
2. Which of the following is TRUE of happiness according to
the passage.?
[ A] Avoiding things that make you unhappy will make you
happy.
[ B ] Family members take after each other in the level
of happiness.
[ C ] Identical twins are much alike in terms of
happiness.
[ D ] The capacity for happiness is not inherited but
developed.
3. In the fourth paragraph, "and thats that" means that
some people are born to be sad
[ A ] and there is nothing they can do to change the
situation
[ B ] but they can change their disposition through
their own actions
[ C ] so they feel unhappy most of the time in their
lives
[ D ] and they are less responsive to people than happy
people
4. In the last paragraph the author stresses that
[ A] there are some recipes for a happy life
[ B ] happiness may help us understand what we have and
what we dont have
[ C ] it is important to know what happiness really means
[ D ] exploring happiness successfully can make us feel
happier
Passage Four
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
常识(commonsense)认为——你感到越幸福(happiness),你体验(experience)的不幸(unhappi-ness)就越少,但真实情况并不是这样。最近的研究结果显示:幸福与不幸确实不是相同情感(emo—t]on)的不同体验。它们是两种不同的感受——同时(coexist)存在,又不受影响地交替出现。
幸福与不幸的感受(feeling)能够同时存在,极像亲密关系(relationship)中的爱恨一样,这种认识(recognition)可能为人们如何过更幸福的生活提供了有价值(valuable)的线索(clue)。比如,这种认识暗示:改变或避免使你不幸(miserable)的事很有可能让你少遭受不幸,但可能不会为你带来幸福。这种观念是经过一系列(extraordinary)特别研究而得来的,这些研究显示:一种易接受不幸的遗传(genetic)体质(predisposition)可能会在某些家庭流传。另一方面,研究发现:幸福似乎不是任何人的遗产(heritage)。享乐的能力(capacity)是你主要为你自己发展的一种技能。
家庭成员是在不幸的程度而不是在幸福的程度方面彼此相似(resemble)。明尼苏达州大学做厂一项研究,人们测试了双胞胎的许多个性特征(personalitytrait)。在幸福方面,出生不久就被分开、长相很像的双胞胎不如一起抚养大的双胞胎幸福。但是谈到不幸,分开抚养的双胞胎——一些甚至有六十四年都没有联系(contact)——同那些一起长大的双胞胎一样(similar)不幸。
为什么不幸受环境(environment)的影响(influence)少呢?我们高兴时,我们对周围的人就更敏感(responsive),同外人的联系比我们悲伤时密切。然而,这并不意味着一些人一生下来就不幸,一生下来就是那样了。基因(gene)可能使一个人容易遭受不幸,但性情(disposition)可能受个人选择(personalchoice)的影响。你能够通过自己的行动为自己带来更多的幸福。
心理学家(psychologist)已开始认识到哪些人幸福、哪些人不幸福、这些人为什么不幸福这些现象。迄今为止,研究还没有为幸福的生活找到一个简单的妙方(recipe),但研究已经发现了一些似乎可以使人们更接近于最渴望的情感的行为(action)和态度(action)。幸福不是人性(humanity)的目标(goal)。不过,开始考虑我们如何看待幸福,可能不仅有助于我们了解我们拥有什么,而且可能有助于我们知道自己缺少什么。通过探究(explore)幸福,我们可能更清楚地了解我们真正需要的是什么,我们也可能白问我们需要的东西是否值得追求。首先,我们应该尽力弄清楚幸福在我们自身包含什么,弄清楚在社会关系中又包含什么。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
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