MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(6-1)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Passage six
Housing is recognized as a" socially determinant
variable." In France, housing is the main item of
expenditure in the family budget(accounting for an average
of 29 percent), and many families would be unable to find
decent housing without help from the State. For a long
time, the main problem was the housing shortage, but in
recent years, the deterioration of housing conditions has
been giving even greater cause for concern.
Despite extensive construction programs, the problem
of housing for the most underprivileged popula-tion groups
has not been solved. According to the so-called Petrequin
Report, between 2 and 3 million families had serious
difficulties meeting their housing costs and were living in
precarious and uncomforta-ble conditions.
Policies designed to address the housing problem have
shifted over the past few decades from a mac-roeconomic
approach promoting construction to housing subsidies. The
reasons for this shift can be be-trayed to a determination
to limit public spending and to avoid some of the perverse
effects of macroeco-nomic policies. The State has to some
extent ceased to finance housing, especially the
construction of new projects, with the result that the cost
is now chiefly and directly borne by the family budget.
Many under-privileged families, which were excluded from
low-rent housing for various reasons (selection of
tenants,saturation of existing capacity, insolvency), had
no alternative but to purchase their own home and were
encouraged to do so without restraint by the then easy
erms of housing loans. The housing sector thus contributed
to the development of the "economy of indebtedness". It
should indeed be emphasized that"widespread home ownership
through recourse to borrowing could only be to the
detriment of low-income families".
In Belgium, the quality of housing, considered the
prime indicator of housing deprivation, leaves much to be
desired. Low-rent housing projects have been cut back as
part of the austerity(~ff~0~) policy pursued by the
national and regional governments, and low-income
households are finding it increasingly difficult to find
somewhere to live. The number of homeless has also taken on
alarming proportions. Anestimated 3,000 persons spend the
night in refuges, but the figure is probably much higher.
Moreover,the number of homeless women and young persons is
increasing.
1. In recent years, the main problem about housing is
[ A ] the housing shortage
[ B ] the deterioration of housing conditions
[ C ] the ineffectiveness in the construction programs
[ D ] the shortage of housing subsidies
2. The main approach taken by governments to address the
housing problem is
[A] extensive construction programs { B ] housing
subsidies and loans
[ C ] limiting public spending [ D ] restraining
housing purchasing
3. According to the passage, which of the following
statements is NOT true?
[ A ] Widespread home ownership through recourse to
borrowing led to the detriment of low-income families.
[ B] In Belgium, low-rent housing projects have been
cut back by the national and regional gove-ments for the
number of homeless has decreased greatly.
[ C ] Despite extensive construction programs, the
problem of housing for poor people has not bee-solved.
[ D ] Many underprivileged families excluded from low-
rent housing for various reasons had to buy their own home
with the help of housing loans.
4. The subject of the passage is
[A] housing [B] family budget
[ C ] family income [ D ] underprivileged
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
住房(housing)问题被看成是一个“由社会(socially)决定(determinant)的变数(variable)”。在法国,住房是家庭预算(familybudget)中的主要支出项目(itemofexpenditure)(平均占百分之二十九);如果国家不提供援助,许多家庭将很难找到像样的住房。以前很长一段时间内,主要的问题是住房不够(shortage),但是近些年来,住房条件的恶化(deterioration)成了人们更关注的焦点。
尽管实施了大规模的建设项目(construction program),但是大多数贫困(underprivilege)人群的住房问题没有得到解决。根据一项所谓的皮崔奎恩报告的数据,二百至三百万家庭难以支付住房款,这些家庭生活在不稳定(precarious)、不舒适(uncomfortable)的状况中。
过去几十年,为解决·(address)住房问题而制定的政策(policy)已经发生了变化,已经从用宏观经济学(nlaeroeconomlc)方法(approach)推动住房建设转为发放住房津贴(subsidy)。这种转变的原因是政府决心限制公共开支(public spending),避免宏观经济学政策所产生的负面影响(perverse effect)。在一定程度上,国家不得不停止提供住房贷款,尤其是停止为新的建设项目提供贷款,因此,住房费用现在主要并直接由家庭承担(borne)。由于种种原因(承租人的选择、现有能力的饱和、无力偿付费用等),许多享受不到低租金(10w-rent)住房待遇的贫困家庭别无选择(alternative),只能自己购房;他们被鼓励购房,没有受到任何限制(restraint),因为当时的购房贷款(10an)条件很宽松。因此,住房部门就为“债务经济”(economy。findebtedness)的发展做出了一定的贡献。的确,应当强调(emphasize)的是,“通过借款得到房产权(home ownership),只会损害(detriment)低收人家庭的利益”。
在比利时,住房质量(quality ofhousing)被认为是住房缺乏的主要标记(indicator),有许多待改进之处。作为国家和地方政府缩减(austerity)政策的一部分,低租金住房项目已经被削减(cutback),对于低收人家庭来说,找一个地方居住就变得越来越困难。无家可归者(homeless)的数量也已经上升到一个危险的比例。估计有三千人在避难所(refuge)过夜,但实际人数可能多得多。此外,无家可归的女性和未成年人的数量在逐渐增加。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
(以上内容版权归中国MBA网拥有,未经许可,不得转载。-待续)
