绝密★启用前
英语模拟试题二
Section IV Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Part A
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.
Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:
Pneumonia（肺炎）, an acute inflammation of the lungs, is not a single disease but more like a family of several dozen diseases, each caused by a different agent. The agents include a variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi（真菌）, parasites（寄生虫）and chemicals and produce different symptoms, but typically patients have fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain and coughing, including the coughing up of blood. The symptoms last a week or more, and in its classic form, lobar pneumonia, 30 percent of patients die if not treated.
Transmission is usually by inhalation but also by hand-to-mouth contact. Patients in hospitals, where pathogens（病菌）exist in great numbers, are vulnerable. The immune system, the mechanical action of coughing and the microscopic motion of cilia normally protect healthy individuals. But old people, who generally have weaker defense mechanisms than the young, are far more likely to die of pneumonia. Those whose defenses are compromised by, say, AIDS or cancer, are also at high risk, as are those given certain medicines such as immunosuppressive （免抑制疫力的）drugs. Men are at higher risk than women, partly because they are more prone to alcoholism and nicotine addiction, two of the many risk factors for pneumonia. Blacks are at higher risk than whites, perhaps because they often lack access to good medical care. Air pollution also plays a role.
There is an ancient theory, suggested by the higher mortality rates documented in winter, that cold temperatures promote pneumonia, but this idea is not correct: Massachusetts has a high rate, but so does Georgia, and North Dakota has the third lowest rate. Florida is the lowest, which may reflect the “healthy retiree” effect; that is, the tendency of healthy older people to retire to places like Florida while the less healthy remain home. California has the highest rate, perhaps in part because of air pollution levels in southern California.
Pneumonia probably affected prehistoric humans and is one of the oldest diagnosed diseases, having been described by the Hippocratic physicians of ancient Greece. In 1900 it was the second deadliest killer in the U.S. after tuberculosis（肺结核）. The extraordinarily high rate in 1918 resulted from the great influenza pandemic that year, which killed more than 540,000 Americans. Since then, pneumonia mortality rates have decreased markedly because of better hygiene and increasingly effective methods of treatment: first, antipneumococcal serum（血清）, then sulfa drugs, and finally, in the 1940s, penicillin.
51. We learn from the first paragraph that ______.
A. there are different types of pneumonia
B. most pneumonia patients die if not treated
C. all pneumonia patients have the same symptoms
D. the most common symptom of pneumonia is the coughing of blood
52. All the following are at high risk of dying from pneumonia except ______.
A. a person living in a heavily polluted area
B. a person with a low defense mechanism
C. a person addicted to alcohol
D. a person who coughs mechanically
53. It can be inferred that North Dakota ______.
A. is north of Massachusetts
B. is a cold area
C. is a warm area
D. has a lower rate of pneumonia than Georgia
54. The author’s main purpose is to ______.
A. trace the history of pneumonia in the U.S.
B. explain why pneumonia has become a big problem in the U.S.
C. inform on pneumonia in the U.S.
D. discuss the relationship between pneumonia and other diseases
参考答案：
Section IV Reading Comprehension
Part A
51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C
(本试题版权归中国MBA网拥有，未经许可，不得转载。－待续)
