2004年MBA考前冲刺-英语模拟试题及答案(3-6)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Questions 59-62 are based on the following passage.
By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes
to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Such
variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed,
excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated
in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any
possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental
experience.
Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by
Hering that different modes of sensation, such as pain,
taste, and color, might be correlated with the discharge of
specific kinds of nervous energy. However, subsequently
developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve
potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity.
It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined
structural difference among neuron types; however, proof
was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its
conduction was influenced by these differences, which
seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of
the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance among
nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine
was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,
namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in
quality and are transmitted as “common currency”
throughout the nerve system. According to this theory, it
is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that
determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,
but, rather, the difference areas of the brain into which
they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view.
In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to
a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious
human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate
modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual
sensation from the visual cortex, and auditory sensation
from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments
revealed slight variations in the size, number,
arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as
far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the
obvious similarities of these sensory field to each other
seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute
difference.
However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to have
little explanatory value. Studies showed that sensations as
diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch
could, warmth movement pain, posture and pressure
apparently may arise through activation of the same
cortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of
differential patterning effects in the brain excitation; it
is the difference in the central distribution of impulses
that counts. In short, brain theory suggested a correlation
between mental experience and the activity of relatively
homogeneous nerve——cell units conducting essentially
homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue.
To match the multiple dimension of mental experience
psychologists could only point to a limitless variation in
the spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulse.
59. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain
processes and mental experience are related would most
likely have been met with_____
A. Vexation
B. Irritability
C. Discouragement
D. Neutrality
60 the author mentions “common currency” primarily in
order to emphasize the____
A. Lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in
human beings.
B. Similarities in the views of the scientists.
C. Similarity of sensations of human beings.
D. Continuous passage of nerve impulses through the
nervous system.
61. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the
depiction of the experiment in lines 16-19?
A. Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve
impulses are influenced by the area of the brain stimulated.
B. Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can
now be studied more accurately.
C. Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly
influenced by the nerve sensors they produce.
D. Differentiation in neural modalities influences
the length of nerve transmissions.
62. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the
following exhibit the LEAST qualitative variation?
A. Nerve cells
B. Nerve impulses
C. Cortical areas
D. Spatial patterns of nerve impulses
摘自《英语--临考点拨与模拟考场》
策划:太奇MBA培训中心
主编:周建武
出版社:中国经济出版社
(待续)
