Business Management

I.                  Grammar （同位语）

1．同位语是用来对名词(或代词)作进一步的解释，它可以是单词，短语或从句。同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后如：fact，doubt，idea，news，hope，indication，decision，possibility，assumption，suggestion，question等。这种从句通常由that引导。

例句：

l         The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everybody．  犯人有罪这一点是人人都看得清楚的。

l         I’ve come from Mr. Lin with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．  我从林先生那儿来，他让我告诉你他今天下午来不了啦。

l         The explanation that he couldn't see the car is unsatisfactory.  他看不见那辆汽车这个解释是不能令人满意的。

l         Have you any proof that he is a thief?  你有没有证据说明他是小偷?

l         The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true．  明天放假的消息是不真实的。

l         We demanded a guarantee that no similar incident would occur again．  我们要求保证不再发生类似事件。

l         There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job．  毫无疑问他是胜任这工作的。

2．在阅读时，要注意同位语与本位语分割的现象。如，The thought came to me that I would come over to visit this country again．当时我产生一个念头，即我要再到这个国家来访问。同位语从句that I would come over．．．again与其先行词The thought被come to me分隔。翻译同位语从句时，可将其提前，或不提前，也可增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开。

l         The thought Came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．  他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

l         The order soon came that all civilians should evacuate the village．  不久命令下来了，让所有的居民都撤出村子。

l         The Story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant With that arrow．  传说威廉·泰尔后来果真用这支箭射死了暴君。

3．长句分析，同时复习分割成分

l         Given the chemical balances set up in the lake and the fact that the iron had accumulated slowly, over hundreds of years, the researchers concluded that the carbon dioxide, too, had seeped gradually into the lake, and not as a result of a sudden volcanic eruption.

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l         Many of these [differences] are due to the fact that, unlike the majority of human activities in which it is desirable that the participants should concentrate on their work without excessive discussion, it is crucial to a research and development program that there should be continual discussion and mutual criticism among the participants.

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l         Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds”.

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l         At the same time, the American Law institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—is sued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

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l         鉴于数百年来湖内保持着化学平衡，而铁缓慢的积累，因此研究者断定二氧化碳也渐渐渗入湖内，而不是火山突然喷发的结果。

l         其中一些差异是由于下述原因：和参与者希望集中精力于工作上而不要进行过多讨论的大多数人类活动不同，在参与者之间进行连续的讨论和相互批评，对于研究和开发计划来说，是极其重要的。

l         美国不仅没有承兑这一神圣的债务，而是兑付给黑人一张空头支票，这张退回的支票写着“资金不足”。

l         同时，美国法学会—一所提建议很有分量的法官、律师、和学者组成的团体——发表了侵权行为法的新指导原则，说明公司没有必要提醒顾客提防明显的危险，也没有必要向他们开列出大量的可能的危险。

Homework

1.       Finish Listen to This: Lesson 6, 7, 8 in five days.

2.       Review the new word in this unit.

3.       Review 定语从句、同位语从句、以及分割结构

4.       把Passage 2 每一句话缩写，变成主谓宾的简单句。

(待续)