| F Factors of production 生产要素 The inputs used to produce goods and services Federal Reserve (Fed) 联邦储备 The central bank of the United States Fiat money 法定货币 Money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decree Financial intermediaries 金融中介机构 Financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide funds to borrowers Financial markets 金融市场 Financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowers Financial system 金融体系 The group of institutions in the economy that help to match one persons saving with another persons investment Fisher effect 费雪效应 The one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rate Fixed cost 固定成本 Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced Fractional-reserve banking 部分准备金银行体系 A banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reserves Free rider 搭便车者 A person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it factor demand 要素需求 the amount of an input demanded by a firm, given the price of the input and the quantity of output being produced; an input will be demanded up to the point where the value of the inputs marginal product equals the price of theinput federal government structure 联邦政府结构 a system in which government activity takes place at several levels--national, state, county, city, and others firm wealth effect 厂商的财富效应 lower prices or lower demand cause firms profits and net worth to fall, and this makes them less willing to undertake the risks involved with investment fiscal policies 财政政策 policies that affect the level of government expenditures and taxes fixed exchange rate system 固定汇率体系 an exchange rate system in which the value of each currency is fixed in relationship to other currencies flexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率体系 a system in which exchange rates are determined by market forces, the law of supply and demand, without government interference fixed or overhead inputs 不变投入或分摊投入 inputs that do not change depending on the quantity of output, at least over the short term flow statistics 流量统计 measurements of a certain rate of quantity per period of time, such as GDP, which measures output per year full-employment deficit 充分就业赤字 the budget deficit that would have prevailed if the economy were at full employment, thus with higher tax revenues and lower public assistance expenditures full-employment output/ potential output 充分就业产出或潜在产出 the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime) |
MBA专业术语汇总（F）
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