| J Job search 寻找工作 The process by which workers find appropriate jobs given their tastes and skills K Keynesian monetary theory 凯恩斯货币理论 Keynesian unemployment 凯恩斯失业 unemployment that occurs as a result of insufficient aggregate demand; it arises in the demand-constrained equilibrium (where aggregate demand is less than aggregate supply), so that rightward shifts in aggregate demand reduce the level of unemployment kinked demand curve 有折点的需求曲线 the demand curve perceived by an oligopolist who believes that rivals will match any price cuts but will not match price increases L Labor force 劳动力 The total number of workers, including both the employed and unemployed Labor-force participation rate 劳动力参工率 The percentage of the population that is in the labor force Law of demand 需求规律 The claim that, other things being equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good rises Law of supply 供给规律 The claim that, others things being equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises Law of supply and demand 供求规律 The claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the supply and demand for that good into balance Life Cycle 生命周期 The regular pattern of income variation over a persons life Liquidity 流动性 The ease with which an asset can be converted into the economys medium of exchange Lump-sum tax 定额税 A tax that is the same amount for every person learning by doing 干中学 the increase in productivity that occurs as a firm gains experience from producing, and that results in a decrease in the firms production costs learning curve 学习曲线；经验曲线 the curve describing how costs of production decline as cumulative output increases over time less developed countries (LDCs) 发展中国家 the poorest nations of the world, including much of Africa, Latin America, and Asia life-cycle hypothesis 生命周期假说 the theory that individuals typically save when they are young and working and spend their savings as they age and retire life-cycle savings motive 生命周期储蓄动机 people save during their working lives so that they can consume more during retirement limit pricing 限制性定价 the practice of charging a lower price than the level at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost, as a way of deterring entry by persuading potential competitors that their profits from entering are likely to be limited Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线 a curve that shows the cumulative proportion of income that goes to each cumulative proportion of the population, starting with the lowest income group Luddites 卢德派分子 early nineteenth-century workmen who destroyed labor-saving machinery rather than see it taking over their jobs |
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