| T Tariff 关税 A tax on goods produced abroad and sold domestically Tax incidence 税收归宿 The study of who bears the burden of taxation Technological knowledge 技术知识 Societys understanding of the best ways to produce goods and services Theory of liquidity preference 流动偏好理论 Keynes theory that the interest rate adjusts to bring money supply and money demand into balance Total cost 总成本 The amount a firm pays to buy the inputs into production Total revenue 总收益 The amount a firm receives for the sale of its output; The amount paid by buyers and received by sellers of a good, computed as the price of the good times the quantity sold Trade balance 贸易余额 The value of a nations exports minus the value of its imports, also called net exports Trade deficit 贸易赤字 An excess of imports over exports Trade policy 贸易政策 A government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services that a country imports or exports Trade surplus 贸易盈余 An excess of exports over imports Tragedy of the Commons 公用地悲剧 A parable that illustrates why common resources get used more than is desirable from the standpoint of society as a whole Transaction costs 交易成本 The costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargain tacit collusion 暗中勾结 collusive behavior among the firms of an oligpoly based on an implicit understanding that it is in each firms best interest not to compete too vigourously; they tacitly understand that it is undesirable to undercut each others prices, but there is no open discussion about price fixing takeover 收购 when one management team (one firm) takes over the control of another target savings motive 目标储蓄动机 people save for a particular target, for example to make a down payment on a house or to pay college tuition tax expenditures 税收支出 the revenue lost from a tax subsidy tax-favored assets the return on these assets receives favorable tax treatment, such as tax-exempt municipal bonds tax subsidies 税收补贴 subsidies provided through the tax system to particular industries or to particular expenditures, in the form of favorable tax treatment technological risks 技术风险 risks facing a firm associated with technology, such as whether a new technology will work or be reliable theorem 定理 a logical proposition that follows from basic definitions and assumptions theory 理论 a set of assumptions and the conclusions derived from those assumptions put forward as an explanation for some phenomena thin markets 薄弱市场 markets with relatively few buyers and sellers tie-ins 搭售 a restrictive practice in which a customer who buys one product must buy another time constraints 时间约束 the limitations on consumption of different goods imposed by the fact that households have only a limited amount of time to spend (twenty-four hours a day). The time constraint defines the opportunity set of individuals if the only constraint that they face is time time value of money 货币的时间价值 the fact that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future is called the time value of money total factor productivity analysis 总生产要素分析 the analysis of the relationship between output and the aggregate of all inputs; total factor productivity growth is calculated as the difference between the rate of growth of output and the weighted average rate of growth of inputs, where the weight associated with each input is its share in GDP trade creation 贸易创造 new trade that is generated as a result of lowered tariff barriers trade diversion 贸易多样化 trade that is diverted away from outside countries as a result of lowering tariffs between the members of a trading bloc trade-offs 交易 the amount of one good (or one desirable objective) that must be given up to get more of another good (or to attain more of another desirable objective) trade secret 商业秘密 an innovation or knowledge of a production process that a firm does not disclose to others trading blocs 商业集团 groups of countries that agree to lower trade and other economic barriers among themselves traditional monetary theory 传统货币理论 the theory (first developed by John Maynard Keynes, and therefore sometimes referred to as Keynesian monetary theory) that the nominal interest rate is the opportunity cost of holding money, that the demand for money decreases as the interest rate rises, and that the interest rate is determined to equate the demand and supply of money transactions demand for money 货币的交易需求 the demand for money arising from its use in buying goods and services transfer programs 转移支付计划 programs directly concerned with redistribution, such as AFDC and Medicaid, that move money from one group in society to another transplants 移植 plants constructed in one country by firms based in another. U.S. factories producing Mazdas and Toyotas are Japanese transplants Treasury bills (T-bills) 短期国库券 bills the government sells in return for a promise to pay a certain amount in a short period, usually less than 180 days trough 波谷 the bottom of a recession trusts 信托公司 organizations that attempted to control certain markets in the late nineteenth century; they were designed to allow an individual or group owning a small fraction of the total industry to exercise control two-tier wage system 双重工资系统 wage systems in which newly hired workers are paid lower wages than established workers are paid U Unemployment insurance 失业保险 A government program that partially protects workers incomes when they become unemployed Unemployment rate 失业率 The percentage of the labor force that is not employed Union 工会 A worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions Unit of account 计价单位 The yardstick with which people post prices and record debts Utilitarianism 功利主义 The political philosophy according to which the government should choose policies to maximize the total utility of everyone in society Utility 效用 A measure of happiness or satisfaction union shops 工会化企业 unionized firms in which all workers are required to join the union as a condition of employment utility possibilities curve效用可能性曲线 a curve showing the maximum level of utility that one individual can attain, given the level of utility attained by others |
MBA专业术语汇总（T～U）
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