托福考试中较难的十道语法题附讲解
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1.Engraving is a process which the surface of metal is
first covered with an acid and then inscribed with some
sharp instrument.
2.For many years ago much of what was possible to know
was derived from inspiration or divination and did not
involve the rational process of reasoning in wide use
today.
3.Ayn Rand, ______ novels deal with the nature of
capitalism in a democracy, is often taught in introductory
courses in economics.?
of many whose?
whose many of?
whose of many?
many of whose
4.The formation of a rainbow occurs a process in which
light is diffused at varying rates by the surrounding
atmosphere resulting in the reflection of different
wavelengths of light.
5.Though difficult, it possible for an adult learner of
a new language to master the subtleties of the grammar and
syntax of the new language.
6.When a bird molts, ______ loses its feathers, it is
actually preparing itself for the regeneration of the lost
feathers.?
so its?
as if?
as when it?
so that
7.The scientific method is a system which a problem or
challenge is identified and possible solutions are created
and tested, with the final results evaluated to determine
the best approach to the resulting theory.
8.The Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. is
home to the largest collect of Native American artifacts in
the United States most of which remain uncatalogued and
hidden from public view.
9.Many modern critics of American literature have
called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, ______ .?
as Americas greatest writer?
was Americas greatest writer?
Americas greatest writer?
to have been Americas greatest writer
10.In the modern era, face-to-face communication is
becoming near as uncommon as hand-written letters.
讲解:
1。A This is a hard one to explain because we need to
understand several different things about English grammar
insgroupsto be able to choose the right answer. In a
nutshell, we need a preposition here between the with the
head noun and the sentence the surface of metal is first
covered with an acid and then inscribed with some sharp
instrument.
In other words, the sentence that comes from the
adjective clause would look like this:
The surface of metal is first covered with an acid and
then inscribed with some sharp instrument in [this] process.
2.Correction: years
Generally speaking, we have two choices here:
for many years
or
many years ago
In other words, we cannot use for and ago together.
Want to know why? Sure you do! Its simple!!
When we have a preposition and a noun together, we have
a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is actually
one kind of adverb phrase. Are you still with me? Were
almost there! So, when we use for and many years together,
we have an adverb phrase, right? Right!! Now, ago is an
adverb, right?? Right! Therefore, it is redundant
(unnecessary) to use ago with the prepositional phrase.
Easy, right??? Right!!
3. D Question focus: Correct usage of whose and
adjective clauses with quantifiers.
In this question, we want to talk about many of Ayn
Rands novels in the adjective clause. So we have several
things happening at once in this question. First, we are
are talking about Ayn Rands, not Ayn Rand. When we need to
use the possessive form in an adjective clause, we have to
use whose. Next, we need to use a quantifier to talk about
a certain portion of the novels. The proper way to use
quantifiers is to use the quantifier with of.
4 Correction: occurs in
This one is easy to explain: occurs is an intransitive
verb, so it cannot be followed by a noun. When we see this
kind of problem on the TOEFL, we can often add a
preposition.
5. Correction: it is possible
This one is easy to explain: We are missing the main
verb in this sentence. We can add is and everything is
fine!!
6. C.Question focus: Subordinate clauses and adverb
clauses.
If we look at everything in this sentence, we will
notice that we have a verb, loses, that does not have a
subject. This is the only answer choice with a subject.
Still confused? Okay, in this sentence as is a
preposition. Since every preposition must be followed by a
noun (called its object), we need to have an object for the
preposition. In this case, we have a noun clause as the
object of the preposition.
You might still be confused. I explained this one to my
students by telling them that as means the same thing (or
almost the same thing) as like or for example. 7.
Correction: in which
We need to understand adjective clauses and
prepositions for this question. Essentially, we need a
preposition here because the head noun, system, can go into
the adjective clause like this:
A problem or challenge is identified and possible
solutions are created and tested in [this] system.
8. Correction: collection
Finally! An easy one to explain. We need a noun here
(because we are talking about the largest collection of
Native American artifacts); collect is a verb.
9.C Question focus: Transitive verbs.
TOEFL loves this kind of question!!
This one is tricky because have called requires an
object and a complement. Usually TOEFL likes to use call
with two nouns after it. This is what I tell my students:
call + two nouns.
So, in this sentence, we have a simple sentence like
this:
... critics... have called Mark Twain... writer
We have two nouns: Mark Twain and writer for the verb
have called.
10 Correction: nearly
We need to use nearly, which means almost, to modify as
uncommon as. near, on the other hand, is a preposition and
must be followed by a noun.