考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。PartI. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence andwriteyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. His work shed ______yet necessary light on an important way to slow the spread of this deadly virus.A. provisional B. seductive C. insulting D. disturbing
2. The new chemical will ________ this kind of insects in this area.A. eliminate B. prosecute C. quench D. quilt
3. I have to say this, but this coat you’ve just bought is made of _______ fur; it is not real mink.A. coarse B. genuine C. slippery D. counterfeit
4. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, ______ their cleanness, toughness and low cost.A. by virtue of B. in addition to C. for the sake of D. as opposed to
5. It must guarantee freedom of expression to the end that all _________ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. prophecies B. transactions C. arguments D. hindrances
6.This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease-carrying ______ originating from outside the building.A. germ B. microbe C. fungus D. bacteria
7. Traditionally, a dark suit is ______ to a light one for evening wear.A. alternate B. choosable C. selective D. preferable
8. I have replaced my old ______ typewriter with an electric one.A. artificial B. manual C. automatic D. synthetic
9. Four police officers sustained ______ in the explosion.A. ruins B. injuries C. damages D. spoils
10.The professor found himself constantly______ the question: “How could anyone do these things?” A. presiding B. poring C. pondering D. presuming
11. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A. terminated B. elapsed C. overlapped D. expired
12. His attempt to ________ the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.A. alienate B. abuse C. alleviate D. abandon
13. Building the Bird’s Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an ______ pattern of woven steel.A. intuitive B. intensive C. intrinsic D. intricate
14. Older, less dogmatic theories better explained how the problems in the financial _____ dragged down the rest of the economy. A. charter B. session C. chapel D. sector
15. Language may be _______ of as a process which arises from social interaction.A. comprised B. conceived C. disposed D. deprived
16. I meant __________ the matter with you, but I had some guests there.A. discuss B. discussing C. having discussed D. to have discussed
17. Any student _______ in chess can apply for membership.A. have a keen interest B. with a keen interest C. who is keenly interested D. when keenly interesting
18. _________, she stood at the front door waiting for her husband to return.A. Being finished prepared dinner B. Having finished preparing dinner C. Finished preparing dinner D. Having finished to prepare dinner
19. All this leads to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller______ feared few years ago.A. than was B. that was C. than that D. it was
20. _________ will Mr. Peter be able to regain control of the company.A. Only hard work B. Only if he works hard C. With hard work D. In spite of his hard work
21. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _______ to its burning temperature.A. heated B. be heated C. to be heated D. being heated
22. The earthquake ______ not have come at a worse time for the war-torn country.A. could B. must C. might D. should
23. The boy students in this school are nearly_____ as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business.A. twice as likely B. likely as twice C. as twice likely D. as likely twice
24. If the whole operation _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were not planned
25. Apple pie is _______ neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itself B. as itself C. on itself D. in itself
26. ________ us earlier, ________ your request to the full.A. You have contacted … we could comply withB. Had you contacted … we could have complied with C. You had contacted … could we have complied withD. Have you contacted … we could comply with
27. The explosion on the sun cannot be heard, there_________ no air between the earth’s atmosphere and the sun.A. is B. wasC. being D. be
28. ______ by the host added to his uneasiness.A. His neglecting B. His being neglected C. He is neglected D. He had been neglected
29. Every man, woman and child in this community_______ now aware of the terrible consequences of the habit of smoking.A. is B. are C. was D. were
30. As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, _______.A. was slowly to change B. are slowly changed C. is slowly changed D. have slowly changed
Part II. Proof-reading and Error Correction（10 points）Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For awrongwordUnderlinethe wrong and write the correct one in the blank provided on the answer sheet.For amissingwordMark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the answer sheet.For anunnecessarywordCross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet.Status symbols are signs that identify their possessors’place in a social hierarchy, markers of rank and prestigious. We can all think any number of status symbols—Rolls-Royces, Beverly Hills mansions, even Shar Pei puppies (whose rareness and expense has rocketedthem beyond Russian wolfhounds as status pets and has even aspired whole lines of wrinkle-faced stuffed toys)—but how do we know that something is a status symbol? The explain is quite simple: whenan object (or puppy) either costs a lot of money or requires influential connections to possess it, anyone who possesses it must also possess the necessity means and influence to acquire it. The object itself really doesn’t matter, since it ultimate disappears behind the presumed social impotency of its owner. Semiotically, what matters is the signal it sends, its value as a sign of power. One traditional sign of social extinction is owning a country estate and enjoying the peace and privacy that attend it. Advertisementsfor Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, and Audi automobiles thus frequently feature motoring quietly along a country road, presumablyon their way to or from their country houses.1. ____________2. ____________
3. ____________4. ____________
5. ____________6. ____________
7. ____________8. ____________
9. ____________
10. ____________
Part III.Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage andfill in each bank with a word from the word bank, and change the form where necessary. Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Writeyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET.adopt toward economy contribute thrive pick up quantumreach urban by initiate coordinate implement withremain outbound reserve region get up in ruralastronomy endeavor lead supply-sideWe have1 committed to the new development philosophy,2 the right approach to development, and 3 to transform the growth model. The result has been a constant improvement in the quality and effect of development. The economy has maintained a medium-high growth rate, making China a 4 among the major 5 . With the gross domestic product rising from 54 trillion to 80 trillion Yuan, China has maintained its position as the world’s second largest economy and 6 more than 30 percent of global economic growth.7 structural reform has made further headway, bringing a steady improvement in the economic structure. Emerging industries like the digital economy are 8 ; the construction of high-speed railways, highways, bridges, ports, airports, and other types of infrastructure has 9 pace. Agricultural modernization has steadily advanced, with annual grain production 10 600 million metric tons. The level of 11 has risen 12 an annual average of 1.2 percentage points, and more than 80 million people who have moved from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency. Regional development has become more balanced; the Belt and Road 13 , the 14 development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt have all made notable progress. Through devoting great energy to 15 the innovation-driven development strategy, we have seen much accomplished 16 making China a country of innovators,17 major advances made in science and technology, including the successful launch of Tiangong-2 space lab, the commissioning of the deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong and of the five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope (FAST) Tianyan, the launch of the dark matter probe satellite Wukong and the 18 science satellite Mozi, and the test flight of the airliner C919. Construction on islands and reefs in the South China Sea has seen steady progress. The new institutions of the open economy have been steadily improved. China now leads the world in trade,19 investment, and foreign exchange20 .PartIV.Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions:In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer andwritethe letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Since 1992, the U.S. has offered Israel an additional $ 2 billion annually in loan guarantees. Congressional researchers have disclosed that between 1974 and 1989, $ 16.4 billion in U. S. military loans were converted to grants and that this was the understanding from the beginning. Indeed, all past U.S. loans to Israel have eventually been forgiven by Congress, which has undoubtedly helped Israel’s often-touted claim that they have never defaulted on a U.S. government loan. U.S. policy since 1984 has been that economic assistance to Israel must equal or exceed Israel’s debt repayment to the United States. Unlike other countries, which receive aid in quarterly installments, aid to Israel since 1982 has been given in a lump sum at the beginning of the fiscal year, leaving the U.S. government to borrow from future revenues. Israel even lends some of this money back through U.S. treasury bills and collects the additional interest.In addition, there is more than $ 1.5 billion in private U.S. funds that goes to Israel annually in the form of $ 1 billion in private tax-deductible donations and $ 500 million in Israeli bonds. The ability of Americans to make what amounts to tax-deductible contributions to a foreign government, made possible through a number of Jewish charities, does not exist with any other country. Nor do these figures include short-and-long term commercials loans from U. S. banks, which have been as high as $ 1 billion annually in recent years.Total U. S. aid to Israel is approximately one-third of the American foreign-aid budget, even though Israel comprises just 0.001 percent of the world’s population and already has one of the world’s higher per capita incomes. Indeed, Israel’s GNP is higher than the combined GNP of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza. With a per capita income of about $ 14,000, Israel ranks as the sixteenth wealthiest country in the world; Israelis enjoy a higher per capita income than oil-rich Saudi Arabia and are only slightly less well-off than most Western European countries.AID does not term economic aid to Israel as developmental assistance, but instead uses the term “economic support funding”. Given Israel’s relative prosperity, U.S. aid to Israel is becoming increasingly controversial. In 1994, Yossi Beilen, deputy foreign minister of Israel and a Knesset member, told the Women’s International Zionist Organization, “If our economic situation is better than many of your countries, how can we go on asking for your charity?”1. According to the passage, American economic assistance to Israel took all the following forms EXCEPT________.A. private fundsB. commercial loans from U. S. banksC. government grantsD. government donations2. What is the writer’s attitude towards American economic aid to Israel?A. Appreciative.B. Disapproving.C. Ambiguous. D. Difficult to tell.3. What is the main reason why U.S. aid to Israel is becoming controversial?A. The large sum of loans to Israel.B. American financial situation.C. The relative prosperity of Israel’s economy.D. Survey of U. S. Congressional researchers.4. The words of the deputy foreign minister of Israel indicate that ________.A. Jewish charities provided great help for IsraelB. Israel actually doesn’t deserve American economic aidC. American is obliged to giveIsrael economic aidD. Israel’s economy is worsening.5. It can be inferred from Israel’s “often-touted claim” that _______.A. Israel was satisfied with the ability in repaying all the loans from AmericaB. U. S. government should not worry about the Israel’s economic development.C. U.S. economic aid to Israel was a wrong decision.D. American economic assistance to Israel was successful.
Passage 2
What might driving on an automated highway be like？The answer depends onwhat kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawingboard. The first is a special-purpose lane system，in which certain lanes are reservedfor automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicleswould share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existinghighways，but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme，the driver would specify the desired destination，furnishingthis information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps justbefore reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place，automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. Ifspecial-purpose lanes were available，the car could enter them and join existing trafficin two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driverapproached the point of entry for the highway，devices installed on the roadside wouldelectronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it hadthe proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed suchtests，the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane.In this case，the transition from manual to automated control would take place on theentrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes whichwould be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto thehighway and move in normal fashion to a“transition”lane. The vehicle would thenshift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic(Thelimitation of these lanes to automated traffic would，presumably，be well respected，because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.).Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. Once a vehicle had settled into automated travel，the driver would be free to release the wheel，open the morning paper or just relax.6. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways_______.A. are being plannedB. are being modifiedC. are now in wide useD. are under construction7. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that __________.A. it would require only minor changes to existing highwayB. it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC. it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD. it offers more lanes for automated vehicles8. The drivers need to __________ to work well under the two traffic systems.A. install a special sensor in the carB. tell computer the destination before setting offC. furnish the interior of the vehicleD. drive on the automated highway9. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane _______.A. by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB. by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC. through a specially-guarded gateD. after all trespassers are identified and removed10.When driving in an automated lane, the driver_________A. should harmonize with newly entering carsB. doesn’t have to rely on his computer systemC. should watch out for potential accidentsD. doesn’t have to hold to the steering wheel
Passage 3
Developing a peaceful, understanding, and supportive relationship between parents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results are the abuse, neglect, and even death of children.Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national concern. In the span of four legislative years, 1963-1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed theChild Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act(Public Law 93-247). This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.The question “What causes child abuse?” has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children are mentally disturbed or ill. Although there is specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure the child’s proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behaviors of adults.Current research has suggested, however, that the “abuser is sick” hypothesis is too limited. A broader social, psychological approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, finding that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families with low income, poor education, and low occupational status suggests that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence.11. This selection suggests that child abuse is ________.A. a growing problem whose causes are fully understoodB. caused primarily by the mental illness of parentsC. a problem in the United States, but a greater one in EuropeD. easily determined because of recent public laws12. We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed in 1973 ______.A. received little attention from the publicB. was condemned by abusive parentsC. was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United StatesD.helped much in clarifying the problem13. The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing parent is the one who______.A. was raised in abusive family situation himselfB. creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his childC. is unemployed or socially isolatedD. is mentally ill14. Which one of the following is most probably a cause of child abuse?A. Too high an income of the parents.B. Unemployment of the parents.C. Poor health of the child.D. Peculiar personalities of the child.15. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Violence on TV may contribute to child abuse.B. Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse.C. The media should not describe the details of child abuse cases.D. Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims.Part V.Translation (30 points) Section A.Chinese to English (15 points):Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.人生于自然。自然赋予的资本不少，可见者为肉体，不可见者还有本能资质之类。但为了能活并且活得好，他或她就还要取得应付环境的多种能力。这多种能力，可以概括为两个方面：知和德。人生来都是野的，为了能在自然的社会中生活，而且活得好，就必须变野为文。变野为文，要靠身外的力量以文明化之。SectionB.English to Chinese (15 points):Translate the following into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Taking language as the object of enquiry means that the questions being investigated are questions to do with language. It does not mean that only language and nothing else is under scrutiny. Exploring questions of language will often require us to investigateother phenomena: if we want to understand functional variation in language, for example, we will need to know something about the sociological foundations of human relationships and interaction. Equally, scholars exploring questions which are not questions about language may need to gain some theoretical insight into language as an essential component in their own enquiries.PartVI. Writing (30points):Directions:Write a composition according to the given situationon the ANSWER SHEET.Registration for the 2018 national civil servant exam, or Guokao, is in full swing. Statistics show that there is a polarizing trend in applicants’ choice for positions. The competition for some vacancies is heating up. Data from the State Administration of Civil Service shows that the most popular position is from the Liaison Office of the International Cooperation Department of the China Family Planning Association, with 1,198 applicants competing for one vacancy. Positions in taxation agencies are popular as usual, with vacancies in several provincial taxation bureaus ranking among the top 10 most popular jobs.In a stark comparison, some positions are given a cold shoulder. More than 3,600 positions have a ratio of qualified candidates to vacancies of lower than 3 to 1. Among them are 853 positions without any applicant. Most of these less-popular jobs are in underdeveloped areas or demand grassroots work experience, scaring potential applicants away.How do you look at this phenomenon? Please give reasons forany opinion and developit into anessay of about 400-450 words with a proper title.考研高分咨询罗老师电话/微信：**咨询QQ：**