第三部分：写作提高策略
一．三大纪律
1．千万不要跑题：仔细审题，题目多集中在社会现象与问题，如学校教育，人际关系和交往，娱乐方式，健康和生活方式，环境保护，职业道德及人口增长等方面。
2． 需要“死去活来”。
3。表达大于内容。
例一： 有钱能做很多事情。
例二：试比较
1) As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the finishing line of a race on the playground, the active young man has to continue his new journey in no time instead of stopping to take a rest. He has successfully settled the puzzle of "stopping or going on" which might have confused many others.
2) There is always no real end of a road for a person. Endpoint may also be a start point. As the drawing describes, having reached an end point, one should not stop. For it’s a new start at the same time, and he has to continue to run.
3) The drawing depicts that a boy after a long distance running, is just hitting the ending rod. There are two marks on the ground. The one after the boy marks “ending” and the one in front of the boy marks “starting”.
4) As is known to all people should never give up hard working. Just like a drawing has told us. In the drawing, there is a runner who has reached the end, but he doesn’t stop, he is keeping on running. The runner doesn’t have a rest because of he knows the end is also the new being.
5) The picture shows a sense of race, a man is just running into the final point. And breaking the spread in sport yard on the picture.
二．八项注意
1. 结构。
Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
Model Composition
(1) “Where there is a will, there is a way” is accumulated experience we inherited from our forefathers and it is still widely applied to our present life. (2) The idiom proves that we must have a strong will if we want to achieve any success. (3) Without determination, we will be complete failures in life and in our careers.
(1) A good case in point is the study of English. (2) Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an example: He is not confident in learning English and he doesn’t have a strong will to learn it better. (3) So the natural consequence is that he often fails the English exams. (4) As far as I am concerned, I firmly believe that I can learn English well and I make a plan to spend five hours a day on English. (5) As it turns out, I have made much progress in learning English, which gives me more confidence in my future career. (6) In a sense, I benefit much from my strong will while Xiao Wang suffers a lot from lack of determination.
(1) A lesson that can be drawn from the above examples is obvious. (2) A strong will can make a difference between success and failure in our English study as well as in our future career. (3) Therefore, we must have determination in order to succeed. (217 words, 57/117/43)
从阅读文章学习作文结构
(1) The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. (2) Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. (3) Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
(1) An important factor in a market-oriented economy is that mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. (2) In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. (3) If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. (4) If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. (5) Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
(1) The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. (2) In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
2. 句型。
1）主语从句
Why he would reject such a good offer remained unknown all these years.
Whether we can succeed or not depends upon our efforts.
What you have done for us will be in our memory forever.
It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
It is well-known that…
It is self-evident that…
It goes without saying that…
2）宾语从句
They believe that the central government’s decision to develop the western part of the country and the success of Beijing’s bid to host the 2008 Olympics will open up further opportunities for the country’s development.
We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.
Experience from foreign countries suggests that no aircraft manufacturers can survive depending only on their domestic market.
3）表语从句
This is where she lived when she was young.
Quality is what counts most.
The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.
What we want to know is whether the government may take measures to tackle this problem.
The question is which one you may choose.
4）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）
As is shown/demonstrated/illustrated/depicted/described…in the cartoon/picture/graph/table…,
There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.
It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.
5）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步等）
When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.
Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.
6）分词短语做定语或状语
Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.
7）强调句
It was him who gave us much hope for the future.
8）倒装句
Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
9）省略句
If so, we have to give it up.
If necessary…
Whatever the reason…
10）What句型
We totally agree with what you have just said.
11）设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
12) 被动句
Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.
He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.
Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)
The government and the public should pay enough attention to…(Enough attention should be paid to…from both the government and the public.)
3. 体裁。
4. 题材。
5. 设计。
6. 卷面。
7. 语法。
同学们经常犯的错误如：
1） 主谓一致
(1) He want to buy a computer.
(2) Many person believe that reading is very important to every one of us.
2） 无主语
(1) After graduated from university, I began to work in a company.
(2) Do you know why must protect our environment?
(3) Have you seen a man without enough food but had a healthy body?
3） 无主谓结构
(1) For another reason. When we have a vacation, it will be convenient to ride a bike.
(2) Lived in the country, no loud noise, no dirty air, but quiet and fresh.
4） 时态
(1) Nowadays it was commonly said that English was the most important subject for the students.
(2) Yesterday I have a dream: I become a lawyer.
5） 无连接词
(1) But a person has not enough food, he will not have a healthy body.
(2) China is a developing country, most people cannot afford a car yet.
6） 主语使用错误
(1) Rich doesn’t mean a happy life.
(2) Without a friend will feel alone.
(3) However, making friends should be careful.
7） “there be”用法错误
(1) There are many students read books in the classroom.
(2) There are few persons can afford a car in our country.
(3) There are many things must be done to deal with energy crisis.
8） 举例用法错误
(1) We should take some sports. For example, football, basketball and so on.
9） 不完全句
(1) Nowadays, if you want to find a job. Then you must pass the College English Test.
10） 分词使用错误
(1) Comparing with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem.
(2) Looking at from above, this picture gives us an image of a lion.
8. 单词。
1）大小写错误。 it is well-known that smoking is harmful to people’s health. I went to beijing yesterday. How To Deal With The Problem Of Smoking is a huge task.
2）拼写错误。in my opium, in the morden society, I fell deeply moved by his act. The cooks in our canteen are not delicious.
3）冠词用法错误。
4）名词的单复数。
5）代词指代错误。
三．平时多加积累
1．常用句式
1) With more emphasis put on “building a harmonious society”, people begin to realize the importance of environmental protection (solving the problem of inequality/ solving the problem of unemployment…)
2) As the central task of our country is to “build a well-off society in an all-round way”, more efforts are being made to improve the living standards of the people…
3) Since “sustainable development” is our main goal, we should pay more attention to striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection (enabling some people to get rich and helping the disadvantaged…)
4) With the rapid growth of our economy (transportation system/ market economy/ private enterprises/ housing industry…), an increasing number of problems have arisen, such as…
5) With the rapid development of science and technology (electronic industry/ higher education…), more and more people come to realize that…
6) Currently, there is a widespread concern over high unemployment rate (desertification/ widespread corruption/ energy crisis/ traffic jams/ water shortage/ increasing traffic accidents…).
7) Nowadays, a heated debate about private cars (China’s football/ brain drain…) is under way in China.
8) As the public awareness of market economy (population control/ human rights/ competition/ laws and regulations…) heightens, …
9) Now an increasing number of people come to realize that…
10) Different people hold different views on accession to WTO (studying abroad/ private cars/ Internet surfing…). Some are in favor of…, while others are against…
11) The case only reveals the tip of an ugly iceberg of serious environmental pollution (widespread waste/ organized crime…)
12) When it comes to the problem (the issue/ the case…) of eating wild animals (net chatting/ morning exercise…)
13) As far as family planning (adult education/ recycling…) is concerned, there is much room for improvement.
14) All these statistics (pictures…) reveal a painful fact that corruption is spreading rapidly in our country (more and more fish have been killed…)
15) Without love, my classmate Xiao Wang would have died in the hospital. But with our love and care, he survived the illness and can enjoy his life now.
16) Without computers (cell phones/ private cars/ the Internet…), it would be difficult to imagine modern life.
17) It is imperative for us to take effective (drastic/ immediate/ prompt…) measures to correct the situation (eliminate environmental pollution/ fight against corruption/ ban drug abuse…)
18) In order to make our world a better place to live, we must…
19) Let us work hand in hand to solve this problem (hold back a tidal wave of crimes/ fight against corruption…)
20 We should do our best in eliminating industrial pollution (fake commodities/ poverty in China…)
2．善用引语
1) Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water.
2) Spare the rod, spoil the child.
3) Let bygones be bygones.
4) Like father, like son.
5) He that lives with cripples learns to limp.
6) Example is better than precept.
7) Health is above wealth.
8) Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
9) Every advantage has its disadvantage.
10) Easier said than done.
11) Doubt is the key of knowledge.
12) Don’t put off what should be done today till tomorrow.
13) Discontent is the first step in progress.
14) Diligence is the mother of success.
15) Brevity is the soul of wit.
16) Books, like friends, should be few and well chosen.
17) Better late than never.
18) Art is long, but life is short.
19) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
20) Adversity leads to prosperity.
21) Actions speak louder than words.
22) Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
23) Every dog has his day.
24) No pains, no gains.
25) A man is known by the company he keeps.
26) It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
27) Man is the measure of things.
28) Live to learn, not learn to live.
29) A little learning is a dangerous thing.
30) Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.