V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the underlined parts.

　　1. Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowl 
edge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.

　　2. The main reason for the rise of the people’s living standard isn’t so much an increase in family incomes as a drop in prices.

　　3. In predominantly or wholly literate communities, translation is thought of as the conversion of a written text in one language into a written text in another, though the modern emergence of the simultaneous translator or professional interpreter at international conferences keeps the oral side of translation very much alive.

　　4. Machine translation, whereby ultimately, a text in one language could be fed into a machine to produce an accurate translation in another language without further human intervention, has been largely concentrated on the language of science and technology, with its restricted vocabulary and overall likeness of style, for both linguistic and economic reasons.

　　5. Despite the fact that the Code was not based on general concepts, theories, or principles of justice but rather specific and traditional solutions of certain problems, it did have the effect of establishing the idea that justice is something that people have a right to expect and seek and that whatever the laws are they should be consistently applied.

　　译 文

　　明年考研翻译题目特点：1.句子长，结果复杂 2.从句多 3.代词出现的频率高 4. with+独立主格结构

　　处理翻译死意活意方法：1.宁死不活 2.先死后活 3.千万不要半死不活

　　1.年轻的科学家应该尽快的认识到，现有的科学知识远远不像许多教课书所叙述的那样全面、肯定、那样的一成不变。

　　2.人民生活水平提高的主要原因，与其说是家庭收入的增长还不如说是因为是物价的下降。

　　3.在大多数成员或者全部成员都有文化的社会中，人们认为翻译是把一种语言的书面原文变成另一种语言的书面文字形式，尽管在现在国际会议上出现了同声翻译或职业议员使口译变得十分活跃。

　　4.人们借助于机器翻译，最终也许能把一种语言的文本输入机器以产生另一种语言的确切译文而不需要人的进一步干预，这种方式现在主要集中应用于科技语言，这是由于语言和经济的原因导致科技语言的词汇有限而风格又大体相似。

　　5.尽管这部法典并不是建立在一般概念、理论、司法准则之上的，而是建立在一些对某些问题的传统的、具体的、解决方法之上的，但是这部法典确实建立了这样一种理念：正义是人们有权期待和追求的东西；不管是什么样的法律都应该得到自始至终的执行。