时值二月，天气乍暖还寒，正是一年学习记忆的好时节。如果大家决心考研，可以利用这一阶段准备一下公共科目，尤其是2017考研英语词汇的记忆。另外，大家还需要把重点放在夯实基础语法点上，这样才能为2017考研英语考取高分打下良好的基础，也为以后的专业课备考空出更充裕的时间。本文就来谈一下考研英语语法中同学们容易出错的一种句子成分——状语。

一、 状语的概念及语法功能

状语是句子的重要修饰成分，在句中的位置比较灵活，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词等句子成分，从地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等方面对这些词进行修饰或限制。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

1.副词

副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等内容。

He likes apples very much. (very是程度副词，用来修饰much，

very much是修饰like的程度状语)

It is painfully clear that she cannot go home.( painfully副词，这里的副词不是修饰clear, 而是修饰整个句子，不能译作痛苦地显而易见，而是译作很清楚她不能回家，这点令人痛心。)

2. 不定式

To finish his homework on time, Tom has to turn off the television.(不定式作目的状语)

3. 介词短语

Ten years ago, She worked in a small company. (介词短语作时间状语)

For a jaded observer from Brussels it was oddly heartening to get into a taxi in Dublin at the height of the referendum campaign and be treated not to the usual moans about traffic and football but to an expletive-filled tirade against article 133 of the Nice Treaty.(For a jaded observer from Brussels介词短语作状语，对于一个身心疲惫的欧盟观察员来说)

4. 从句

A German official argues that if the Treaty of Rome, which started the process of European integration in 1957, had been put to a vote, “Germans might have rejected it because it raised the price of bananas.”(if引导的从句作条件状语)

5.分词作状语

Having quarreled with his wife, he closed the door in a bad temper.(分词短语作原因状语)

最后需要提醒大家的是，考研英语长难句中，状语的识别和处理对于正确分析和理解句子起着重要的作用，同学们在分析句子时注意状语所修饰的成分和在句子中的功能。持之以恒，注意积累，相信大家的语法知识水平会有进一步的提升。