[英译汉]
　　Individuals must be distributed among occupations in such a way as to serve two basic purposes. First, the labourer must be placed where he is most productive--making certain that Enrico Fermi becomes a physicist rather than a chef and that there are not too many plumbers and too few electricians.(1)Second, the individual worker should be given an occupation that is congenial to him: since he will spend a large part of his life at work, it will be a better life if he can choose the type he prefers.
　　(2) The price of labour is the instrument by which workers are distributed among occupations : wages in rapidly growing occupations and rapidly growing parts of the nation are higher than in corresponding employment in declining occupations and areas. The choice of occupation involves, however, much more than simply a comparison of wage rates. The following are a few of the complications: The wages of an occupation must as a rule be sufficient to compensate the costs of training. The wages of an occupation must be sufficient to compensate special disadvantages (such as a large chance of unemployment). Wages must be higher in large cities than in small because living costs are higher in large cities. Wages must compensate workers for their additional skill as they acquire experience (they usually reach a peak of earnings between ages 40 and 55) and thereafter decline as the workers efficiency declines. Wages will reflect differences in taxation, fringe benefits (pensions, vacations), etc. Accordingly the wage structure even for a single occupation in a single city is elaborate. (3)When a single wage (price) is imposed upon an occupation, labourers are no longer properly distributed by wages;for example, a city school system that pays all teachers of given experience the same wage finds it difficult to staff its less attractive schools.
　　The preferences of the individual worker cannot be given full play, or each person would become president of the corporation at a sumptuous salary. (4)Yet the labourer may choose to live in California rather than Maine then the price system will incite employers to move their operations to California, where they can hire this labourer more cheaply. (5)The labourer may prefer to work long hours or short hours, and employers are induced by wage offers to cater to the labourer’s diverse preferences. In fact it is equally appropriate to speak of the worker buying conditions of work and of the employer buying the services of the worker. examda.[418 words]
　　【参考译文】
　　(1)其次，应该给每人安排最适当的工作。人的一生大部分时间都用于工作。如果一个人能选择他最喜欢的工作，那么，他的一生就会更美好。
　　(2)劳动力的价格是用来给人分配职业的手段。迅速发展的行业和一个国家内迅速发展的地区的工资水平要高衰退的行业和经济疲软地区相应就业的工资水平。
　　(3)当某行业实行单一工资制(劳动力价格制)时，就不能再依靠工资适当安排劳动者就业。例如：如果某城市的学 校系统给所有资历相同的教师都付相同工资，条件较差的学校就难以找到教师了。
　　(4)不过，劳动者或许会有所选择，不愿去缅因州而愿生活在加利福尼亚州。那么，价格机制就会激励雇主把业务 迁到加州，在加州可以更廉价地雇到劳动者。
　　(5)劳动者对工时长短各有偏好，雇主可以靠调节工资来迎合劳动者的不同偏好。实际上，既可以说工人买的是工 作条件，同样也可以说，雇主买的是工人的服务。

　【句结构解析】 
　　(1)Second，the individual worker should be given an occupation Ethat is congenial to him]：Esince he will spend a large part of his life at work]，it will be a better life[-if he can choose the type(he prefers)]． 
　　(2)The price of labour is the instrument[-by zohich workers are distributed among occupations]：wages[in rapidly    growing occupations and rapidly growing parts of the nation]are higher than[-in corresponding employment in declining occupations and areas]． 
　　(3)[When a single wage(price)is imposed upon an occupation]，labourers are no longer properly distributed by wages：for example,a city school system[-that pays all teachers of given experience the Same wage]finds it difficult to staff its less attractive schools． 
　　(4)Yet the labourer may choose tO live in California rather than Maine；then the price system will incite employers to move their operations to California，．where they con hire this labourer more cheaply]．