One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if
[A] price of crude rises.
[B] commodity prices rise.
[C] consumption rises.
[D] oil taxes rise.
[答案] D
[解题思路]
文章中关于retail price的内容出现在第三段的最后一句“In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past”(在欧洲，税费在汽油零售价中的比例高达4/5，因此，即使原油价格发生很大的波动，汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著)。可见税费在汽油零售价格中所占的比重最大，因此只有当油税大幅度提高的时候汽油零售价格才会随之大幅提高。A选项的意思与原文相反，而B、C两个因素与汽油零售价格无关。
[题目译文]
从文中可以推断，汽油零售价格在以下哪个条件下会急剧上升？
[A] 原油价格上升
[B] 商品价格上升
[C] 消费增长
[D] 油税上涨
