· 关键词替换：关键词替换是阅读理解题目中出现最频繁的命题原则，一般都会在正确答案中用原文某个关键词的同义词或者近义词进行替代。或者从更广的意义上来说，有时候命题者会以和原文意思相同但是遣词造句不同的方式来设计正确答案，即用不同的话把原文的某个句子复述一遍，而错误答案反而往往会看上去和原文差不多，这个时候考生需要仔细阅读加以区别。
例题：This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, receives a new form of expression.
Futurists claim that we must.
［A］ increase the production of literature
［B］ use poetry to relieve modern stress
［C］ develop new modes of expression
［D］ avoid using adjectives and verbs［2000年第61题］
［正确答案］C
· 正话反说：即选项用否定的方式（如双重否定句，或者一个否定形式加上另一个否定词如never, none等）来表述文中用肯定方式所表述的内容，两者的意思是相同的。
例题：How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of
research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.
The author asserts that scientists
［A］shouldn't replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought
［B］shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
［C］should write more concise reports for technical journals
［D］should be confident about their research findings［1999年第68题］
［正确答案］B
· 反话正说：顾名思义，即文中用否定方式所来表述一定的内容，而选项中用肯定的方式把同样的意思再表达一遍。
例题：“Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.”
The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.
［A］ turning of the business cycle
