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　　Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography -- are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although‘there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them,’the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.

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　　The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.

　　The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement: All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.

　　1、主题句的分析、提炼

　　利用名词主体论分析提炼供选择主题句的主体名词，同时提炼对应的动作！

　　主体名词---对应动作

　　[A] What to do as a student? Student-----do something

　　Various definitions of plagiarism plagiarism-----definition

　　[C] Ideas should always be sourced idea-----be sourced

　　[D] Ignorance can be forgiven ignorance-----be forgiven

　　[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft plagiarism-----theft

　　[F] The consequences of plagiarism plagiarism-----consequence

　　2、段落主体及动作的把握

　　段落内容的理解(中间有转折词，看转折词所在句；没有转折词看段首句和段尾句)，重点关注动作。

　　3、主题句与段落对应选择

　　段落的主体名词与供选主题句的主体名词进行对应，缩小选项范围；段落的动作与范围内的动作进行对应，准确选择答案！

　　41题对应段落主体及动作来源于段首句和段尾句：The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. …Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.

　　主体名词为：plagiarism和social

　　对应动作为：The penalties for plagiarism “学术剽窃的惩罚” vary from situation to situation.“因形式而异” …require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources. “要求作者格外关注其材料的来源给出注解”。对应选项为：F

　　42题对应段落主体及动作来源于段首句：Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur.