11、如何确定议论对象

　　according to … group; divide; classify … based on …; be graded as; classification; constitute the striking features; belong to; be classed depending on …; be defined as …; be regarded as …; refer to …; stand for …

　　12、如何运用比较与类比

　　while; whereas; however; nevertheless; but; though; similarly; likewise; in comparison with; in contrast to (with) …; contrasted with …; compared with …; be similar (alike) in …; be the same as …; bear the similarity to …; there is a similarity of … to …; be dissimilar to (from, with) …; be different from …; the difference between (of) … and …

　　13、如何按照拟定顺序叙述

　　First (firstly)， … Second (secondly)， … Third (thirdly)， …Finally, …

　　In the first place, …In the second place, … In the third place, …

　　To begin with, … What’s more, … Besides, …

　　14、如何归纳总结

　　to sum up; conclude; in conclusion; in short; generally speaking; in general; generally; to summarize; in brief; to make a long story short; all in all; in the end; by and large

　　解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle

　　消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate

　　依赖：rely on, depend on, count on

　　十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously

　　损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair

　　给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide

　　发展：develop, cultivate, foster

　　优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

　　缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness

　　必备成语

　　1、Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

　　2、God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

　　3、Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

　　4、Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

　　5、One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。

　　6、Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

　　7、A fall into the pit,　a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

　　8、Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。

　　9、All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。

　　10、Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

　　11、More hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。

　　12、It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

　　13、All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。

　　14、A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step。千里之行始于足下。

　　15、Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

　　16、Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。

　　17、Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

　　18、Well begun, half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。

　　19、It is hard to please all. 众口难调。

　　20、Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。