众所周知，坊间广泛传抄的模板固然简单易学，好记好背，但问题随之而来，模板就算有几十个，相比起数以千万计的考生，仍是微不足道的，用了同一个模板撞车的可能性极大。而一旦撞到了“雷同”这一鬼门关，再是泣血而成的作文必定成为黄泉路上的冤鬼。

　　因此，要用模板就必定要避免雷同，要避免雷同就必定要独创，要独创就必定要在作文中用自己的结构、句型和词汇，要达到这种运用自如的熟练程度就请看下面的“三步成文”作文法。

　　注意，此处为了详细讲解和让考生体会作文法的运用过程，所选范文字数都大大超过了考研作文要求。

　　第一步构造个性模板——避免雷同之上上策

　　考题

　　It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.

　　审题可知，本题是论证反驳型文章。第一步，按最基本的“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的“三段式”写作思路构思，选定下面这个基本模板进行写作。

　　模板1

　　模板中已经给出了不少高分的结构句型，就像造房时打了地基、搭了钢筋，

　　第二步，我们需要在模板横线处填入一些与内容相关的句型，即我们的论点论据。

　　第一段横线处加入families are now not as close as they used to be.引用题目中原文，但又非照抄，开篇点题。

　　第二段分析原因，拟定有三个主要原因，填入较为简单的句式：一是nowadays many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere；二是compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People have to concentrate their efforts upon work.；三是People prefer various kinds of recreational facilities to chatting with their family members.这就是提炼出来的三个分论点。

　　再进一步将它扩充，填入一些结果或细节扩展句：第一个论点后放as time passes, children become unfamiliar with their parents.第二个论点后放they don’t spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is decrease.第三个论点后举具体例子，Their spare time is mostly taken by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.第二段的内容就非常充实了。

　　第三段提出解决方案：首句填入最终目标prevent such family alienation.接着在一、二、三点对策处填入具体的句子，分别是：①family members living away from one another should often make a phone call or write a letter; ②for those living together, it is a good idea to take some spare time to spend more time with each other; ③a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize its importance and emphasize it.

　　第四段总结全文，因为模板中构造的句型意思已经很完整，只需再点出全文文眼即the alienation of family members和全文主旨prevent it，浓缩即是精华。

　　现在，文章的基本内容已经有了，就像造房时已经把砖块都填入了钢筋构架中。

　　第三步我们要运用一些高级的词汇，或衔接或句子或加强语意，使文章再上一个档次

　　这好比是往砖块之间的缝细处抹上水泥，使两两粘和，再将整个砖面附上一层粉浆，使其光滑平整。

　　在第二段的各分论点和其支撑句中加上表示因果的连接词As a result, Consequently。再回顾我们刚才填入的句子，斟酌其中的词语，不难发现，我们有更胜一筹的表达法。

　　原句1：People have to focus on their work.

　　改后：People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work.

　　原句2：…they don’t spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship decreased.

　　改后：…they can’t afford to spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds.

　　原句3：People prefer various kinds of recreational facilities to chatting with their family members.

　　改后：…the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with their family members.

　　原句4：Their spare time is mostly taken by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　改后：Their spare time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　原句5：…family members living away from one another should often make a phone call or write a letter.

　　改后：…family members living away from one another should ensure regular contact by phone or letter.

　　原句6：…for those living together, it is a good idea to take some spare time to spend more time with each other;

　　改后：…for those living together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other.

　　原句7：…a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize its importance and emphasize it.

　　改后：…a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.

如此将文中用词悉心打磨一番之后，文章何愁不大放异彩？“三步成文”之后，我们可见文章全貌了。

　　范文1

　　Nowadays there is much discussion as to the phenomenon that families are now not as close as they used to be. This is indeed a problem that we should not neglect any more.

　　There are many reasons that have caused this problem. In the first place, nowadays many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As a result, as time passes, children become emotionally estranged from their parents. Secondly, compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work. Consequently, they can’t afford to spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds. What is more, the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with their family members. Their spare time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　From what has been discussed above, we may see that it is time for us to take measures to prevent such family alienation. The first step is that family members living away from one another should ensure regular contact by phone or letter. And then for those living together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other. Finally, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.

　　To summarize, the alienation of family members has caused public attention. And we should take effective measures suggested to prevent it.

　　　　下面我们把刚才的基本模板——模板1改头换面，看如何选句选词构造出一个新的模板。

　　首段引出现象，模板1中用的是Nowadays there is much discussion as to…This is indeed a problem that we should not neglect any more.同为现象句，现在我们换用另外一句可以达到同样效果的句子Recently one phenomenon has aroused wide concern, and that is…

　　第二段分析原因，我们可以将首句中的单词reason换成词组account for，接着将几个时间顺序词In the first place, Secondly, What is more换成Firstly, Secondly, And also等作用相同的词。

　　第三段解决方案，模板1的句型是From what has been discussed above, we may see that it is time for us to…我们可以采用一种更委婉的总起句Then what should we do to prevent the worsening of this problem? This is no easy task, but some solutions may be very helpful.在具体列出解决方案时，模板1用的顺序词是The first step should be that, And then, Finally，模板2换用成in the first place, And at the same time, Furthermore。

　　第四段总结全文，模板1中概括再次问题，用的句型是To summarize, …has already caused public attention. And we should take effective measures suggested above to…现在我们换用句型Following these recommendations, we are sure that…，强调解决方案的可行性。

　　这样，一个全新的模板2就呈现在我们面前了，其文章结构与模板1同出一辙，但模板中的关键句型皆变了脸。

　　模板2

　　范文2

　　Recently one phenomenon has aroused wide concern, and that is families are now not as close as they used to be.

　　Several factors should account for this problem. Firstly, nowadays many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As a result, as time passes, children become emotionally estranged from their parents. Secondly, compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work. Consequently, they can't afford to spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds. And also the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with their family members. Their spare time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　Then what should we do to prevent the worsening of this problem? This is no easy task, but some solutions may be very helpful. In the first place, family members living away from one another should ensure regular contact by phone or letter. And at the same time, for those living together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other. Furthermore, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.

　　Following these recommendations, we are sure that we may prevent the worsening of family relationship.

　　在第二篇中我们为考生们总结了大量的与模板结构相关的句型和词汇，这就意味着考生有太多的选择去排列组合这些句型和词汇，替换最初的基本模板，从而构建出数以百计的个性化模板。

　　现在我们再沿用模板2的替换构建方式，再造一个新的模板。

　　模板3

　　范文3

　　In the past few years, there is an obvious tendency that families are now not as close as they used to be, which deserves our attention.

　　It is easy to identify some reasons for this problem. The most direct one is that nowadays many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As a result, as time passes, children become emotionally estranged from their parents. Then, compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work. Consequently, they can't afford to spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds. Additionally, the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with their family members. Their spare time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　Fortunately, more and more people begin realizing this tendency, but realization is not enough. What is more urgent is to take some effective actions. First of all, family members living away from one another should ensure regular contact by phone or letter. Secondly, for those living together, they should take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other. In the end, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives.

　　From the analysis above, we can see that it is high time that we took some quick and effective measures suggested here to prevent the loosening of family ties.

　　结束语：从素材丰富的模板、句型、词汇工具箱中取出不同的工具，我们就可以组合成不同的文章。考生们只需稍做一下排列组合，就会得到几十篇甚至上百篇不同的作文。